资源导刊·地球科技版
資源導刊·地毬科技版
자원도간·지구과기판
RESOURCES GUIDE·EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2014年
6期
4-11,15
,共9页
农地资源保护%机制%启示%美国
農地資源保護%機製%啟示%美國
농지자원보호%궤제%계시%미국
farmland resources protection%mechanism%revelation%the United States
随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，世界各国都产生了农地资源数量的明显减少和质量的不同程度退化问题，对农地资源进行有效保护成为世界性课题并取得了丰富的经验。美国主要通过调节、支出、税收和土地权益的收购等四个方面的影响和再次减少税负、减缓耕地损失率和财政奖励与土地用途管制相结合等三个方面的努力，成功实现了对农地资源的有效保护。美国在20世纪90年代已形成了比较完备的农地资源市场保护机制和体系，并在不断地创新和完善，属典型的农地资源成熟市场机制保护类型，其保护机制具有显著特点并对我国的农地资源保护提供了重要借鉴与启示：一是农地资源保护目标的多样化与合理性；二是充分发挥市场机制作用，高度注重经济利益调节；三是法律法规与政策相互补充、配套实施；四是注重农地保护制度创新，形成公众参与农地保护制度环境氛围。
隨著工業化、城市化的快速髮展，世界各國都產生瞭農地資源數量的明顯減少和質量的不同程度退化問題，對農地資源進行有效保護成為世界性課題併取得瞭豐富的經驗。美國主要通過調節、支齣、稅收和土地權益的收購等四箇方麵的影響和再次減少稅負、減緩耕地損失率和財政獎勵與土地用途管製相結閤等三箇方麵的努力，成功實現瞭對農地資源的有效保護。美國在20世紀90年代已形成瞭比較完備的農地資源市場保護機製和體繫，併在不斷地創新和完善，屬典型的農地資源成熟市場機製保護類型，其保護機製具有顯著特點併對我國的農地資源保護提供瞭重要藉鑒與啟示：一是農地資源保護目標的多樣化與閤理性；二是充分髮揮市場機製作用，高度註重經濟利益調節；三是法律法規與政策相互補充、配套實施；四是註重農地保護製度創新，形成公衆參與農地保護製度環境氛圍。
수착공업화、성시화적쾌속발전，세계각국도산생료농지자원수량적명현감소화질량적불동정도퇴화문제，대농지자원진행유효보호성위세계성과제병취득료봉부적경험。미국주요통과조절、지출、세수화토지권익적수구등사개방면적영향화재차감소세부、감완경지손실솔화재정장려여토지용도관제상결합등삼개방면적노력，성공실현료대농지자원적유효보호。미국재20세기90년대이형성료비교완비적농지자원시장보호궤제화체계，병재불단지창신화완선，속전형적농지자원성숙시장궤제보호류형，기보호궤제구유현저특점병대아국적농지자원보호제공료중요차감여계시：일시농지자원보호목표적다양화여합이성；이시충분발휘시장궤제작용，고도주중경제이익조절；삼시법율법규여정책상호보충、배투실시；사시주중농지보호제도창신，형성공음삼여농지보호제도배경분위。
With?the?rapid?development?of?industrialization?and?urbanization,?there?appeared?problems?of?agricultural?land?resources?in?many?countries?around?the?world.?For?example,?the?quantity?significantly?reduced?and?quality?degenerated.?Effective?protection?of?agricultural?land?resources?has?become?a?global?issue?and?has?made?a?wealth?of?experience.?America?has?successfully?and?effectively?protected?agricultural?land?resources?mainly?by?the?impacts?of?the?four?aspects?of?regulation,?spending,?taxation?and?land?rights?acquisitions?as?well?as?the?efforts?of?the?three?aspects?of?reducing?tax?burden,?slowing?arable?land?loss?rate?and?regulating?fiscal?incentives?and?land?use.?In?the?1990s,?relatively?complete?market?protection?mechanisms?and?systems?of?agricultural?land?resources?were?formed?in?America,?which?has?been?constantly?innovated?and?improved.?The?agricultural?land?resources?protection?mechanisms?are?typical?mature?mechanisms,?having?significant?characteristics?and?providing?important?references?and?inspirations?to?Chinese?agricultural?land?resources?protection.?First,?the?agricultural?land?protection?objectives?are?diversified?and?rational.?Second,?fully?play?the?roles?of?market?mechanisms?and?pay?attentions?to?the?adjustment?of?economic?interests.?Third,?make?the?laws,?regulations?and?policies?complementary?and?supporting?each?other.?Fourth,?focus?on?innovations?of?agricultural?land?protection?systems,?making?the?public?participate?in?the?protection?systems.
