中华围产医学杂志
中華圍產醫學雜誌
중화위산의학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PERINATAL MEDICINE
2014年
6期
379-383
,共5页
早产%婴儿,早产%先兆子痫%婴儿,早产,疾病%危险因素
早產%嬰兒,早產%先兆子癇%嬰兒,早產,疾病%危險因素
조산%영인,조산%선조자간%영인,조산,질병%위험인소
Premature birth%Infant,premature%Pre-eclampsia%Infant,premature,diseases%Risk factors
目的:分析晚期早产的孕产妇和新生儿的临床资料,探讨晚期早产的危险因素。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院2009年1月1日至2010年12月31日分娩的258例晚期早产病例(晚期早产组),选择同期分娩的足月产308例(足月产组)作为对照。比较晚期早产组与足月产组孕产妇妊娠期合并症和并发症的发生情况。比较晚期早产组与足月产组新生儿的出生体重、性别比以及并发症的发生情况。统计学方法采用t检验、χ2检验、Fisher精确概率法及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果晚期早产儿占活产儿的3.9%(258/6695),占早产儿的60.1%(258/429)。单因素分析结果显示,晚期早产组孕产妇以下并发症发生率均高于足月产组:重度子痫前期[7.4%(19/258)与1.0%(3/308),χ2=15.35]、胎膜早破[42.6%(110/258)与15.3%(47/308),χ2=52.49]、宫颈机能不全[1.9%(5/258)与0.0%(0/308),Fisher精确概率法]、前置胎盘[3.5%(9/258)与0.6%(2/308),Fisher精确概率法]及胎盘早剥[2.7%(7/258)与0.3%(1/308), Fisher精确概率法],差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,重度子痫前期是导致晚期早产的主要高危因素(OR=6.679,95%CI:1.444~30.891,P<0.05)。晚期早产儿以下并发症发生率均高于足月产儿:新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征[11.6%(30/258)与1.6%(5/308),χ2=24.22]、高胆红素血症[64.3%(166/258)与39.6%(122/308),χ2=34.36]、电解质紊乱[12.8%(33/258)与1.6(5/308),χ2=27.96]、低血糖[7.0%(18/258)与2.9%(9/308),χ2=5.08]、感染性肺炎[13.6%(35/258)与3.2%(10/308),χ2=20.43]、脑白质病变[3.1%(8/258)与0.3%(1/308),χ2=5.25]、低体温[18.6%(48/258)与3.6%(11/308),χ2=33.98]及新生儿窒息[6.2%(16/258)与1.0%(3/308),χ2=11.86],差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。晚期早产儿中,胎龄34~周组以下并发症发生率均高于胎龄35~36+6周组:新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征[30.4%(14/46)与7.5%(16/212),χ2=19.26]、高胆红素血症[91.3%(42/46)与58.5%(124/212),χ2=17.74]、电解质紊乱[21.7%(10/46)与10.8%(23/212),χ2=4.02]、颅内出血[8.7%(4/46)与1.9%(4/212),χ2=3.88]、脑白质病变[10.9%(5/46)与1.4%(3/212),χ2=8.32]以及新生儿窒息[15.2%(7/46)与4.2%(9/212),χ2=6.05],差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论重度子痫前期是导致晚期早产的主要危险因素。晚期早产儿并发症发生率高于足月儿。因母体因素需要终止妊娠时,尽量维持妊娠至35周可降低新生儿并发症的发生率。
目的:分析晚期早產的孕產婦和新生兒的臨床資料,探討晚期早產的危險因素。方法迴顧性分析北京大學第一醫院2009年1月1日至2010年12月31日分娩的258例晚期早產病例(晚期早產組),選擇同期分娩的足月產308例(足月產組)作為對照。比較晚期早產組與足月產組孕產婦妊娠期閤併癥和併髮癥的髮生情況。比較晚期早產組與足月產組新生兒的齣生體重、性彆比以及併髮癥的髮生情況。統計學方法採用t檢驗、χ2檢驗、Fisher精確概率法及多因素Logistic迴歸分析。結果晚期早產兒佔活產兒的3.9%(258/6695),佔早產兒的60.1%(258/429)。單因素分析結果顯示,晚期早產組孕產婦以下併髮癥髮生率均高于足月產組:重度子癇前期[7.4%(19/258)與1.0%(3/308),χ2=15.35]、胎膜早破[42.6%(110/258)與15.3%(47/308),χ2=52.49]、宮頸機能不全[1.9%(5/258)與0.0%(0/308),Fisher精確概率法]、前置胎盤[3.5%(9/258)與0.6%(2/308),Fisher精確概率法]及胎盤早剝[2.7%(7/258)與0.3%(1/308), Fisher精確概率法],差異均有統計學意義(P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic迴歸分析顯示,重度子癇前期是導緻晚期早產的主要高危因素(OR=6.679,95%CI:1.444~30.891,P<0.05)。晚期早產兒以下併髮癥髮生率均高于足月產兒:新生兒呼吸窘迫綜閤徵[11.6%(30/258)與1.6%(5/308),χ2=24.22]、高膽紅素血癥[64.3%(166/258)與39.6%(122/308),χ2=34.36]、電解質紊亂[12.8%(33/258)與1.6(5/308),χ2=27.96]、低血糖[7.0%(18/258)與2.9%(9/308),χ2=5.08]、感染性肺炎[13.6%(35/258)與3.2%(10/308),χ2=20.43]、腦白質病變[3.1%(8/258)與0.3%(1/308),χ2=5.25]、低體溫[18.6%(48/258)與3.6%(11/308),χ2=33.98]及新生兒窒息[6.2%(16/258)與1.0%(3/308),χ2=11.86],差異均有統計學意義(P值均<0.05)。晚期早產兒中,胎齡34~週組以下併髮癥髮生率均高于胎齡35~36+6週組:新生兒呼吸窘迫綜閤徵[30.4%(14/46)與7.5%(16/212),χ2=19.26]、高膽紅素血癥[91.3%(42/46)與58.5%(124/212),χ2=17.74]、電解質紊亂[21.7%(10/46)與10.8%(23/212),χ2=4.02]、顱內齣血[8.7%(4/46)與1.9%(4/212),χ2=3.88]、腦白質病變[10.9%(5/46)與1.4%(3/212),χ2=8.32]以及新生兒窒息[15.2%(7/46)與4.2%(9/212),χ2=6.05],差異均有統計學意義(P值均<0.05)。結論重度子癇前期是導緻晚期早產的主要危險因素。晚期早產兒併髮癥髮生率高于足月兒。因母體因素需要終止妊娠時,儘量維持妊娠至35週可降低新生兒併髮癥的髮生率。
목적:분석만기조산적잉산부화신생인적림상자료,탐토만기조산적위험인소。방법회고성분석북경대학제일의원2009년1월1일지2010년12월31일분면적258례만기조산병례(만기조산조),선택동기분면적족월산308례(족월산조)작위대조。비교만기조산조여족월산조잉산부임신기합병증화병발증적발생정황。비교만기조산조여족월산조신생인적출생체중、성별비이급병발증적발생정황。통계학방법채용t검험、χ2검험、Fisher정학개솔법급다인소Logistic회귀분석。결과만기조산인점활산인적3.9%(258/6695),점조산인적60.1%(258/429)。단인소분석결과현시,만기조산조잉산부이하병발증발생솔균고우족월산조:중도자간전기[7.4%(19/258)여1.0%(3/308),χ2=15.35]、태막조파[42.6%(110/258)여15.3%(47/308),χ2=52.49]、궁경궤능불전[1.9%(5/258)여0.0%(0/308),Fisher정학개솔법]、전치태반[3.5%(9/258)여0.6%(2/308),Fisher정학개솔법]급태반조박[2.7%(7/258)여0.3%(1/308), Fisher정학개솔법],차이균유통계학의의(P치균<0.05)。다인소Logistic회귀분석현시,중도자간전기시도치만기조산적주요고위인소(OR=6.679,95%CI:1.444~30.891,P<0.05)。만기조산인이하병발증발생솔균고우족월산인:신생인호흡군박종합정[11.6%(30/258)여1.6%(5/308),χ2=24.22]、고담홍소혈증[64.3%(166/258)여39.6%(122/308),χ2=34.36]、전해질문란[12.8%(33/258)여1.6(5/308),χ2=27.96]、저혈당[7.0%(18/258)여2.9%(9/308),χ2=5.08]、감염성폐염[13.6%(35/258)여3.2%(10/308),χ2=20.43]、뇌백질병변[3.1%(8/258)여0.3%(1/308),χ2=5.25]、저체온[18.6%(48/258)여3.6%(11/308),χ2=33.98]급신생인질식[6.2%(16/258)여1.0%(3/308),χ2=11.86],차이균유통계학의의(P치균<0.05)。만기조산인중,태령34~주조이하병발증발생솔균고우태령35~36+6주조:신생인호흡군박종합정[30.4%(14/46)여7.5%(16/212),χ2=19.26]、고담홍소혈증[91.3%(42/46)여58.5%(124/212),χ2=17.74]、전해질문란[21.7%(10/46)여10.8%(23/212),χ2=4.02]、로내출혈[8.7%(4/46)여1.9%(4/212),χ2=3.88]、뇌백질병변[10.9%(5/46)여1.4%(3/212),χ2=8.32]이급신생인질식[15.2%(7/46)여4.2%(9/212),χ2=6.05],차이균유통계학의의(P치균<0.05)。결론중도자간전기시도치만기조산적주요위험인소。만기조산인병발증발생솔고우족월인。인모체인소수요종지임신시,진량유지임신지35주가강저신생인병발증적발생솔。
To analyze maternal and neonatal complications among late preterm birth cases and to investigate risk factors of late preterm birth. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 258 late preterm cases (late preterm group) born in Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010. Maternal comorbidity and complications, delivery modes, and neonatal complications of these 258 late preterm infants were compared with 308 term cases (term group) during the same period. Statistical analysis was performed usingχ2 test, Fisher's exact probability test, t test and logistic regression. Results In Peking University First Hospital, late preterm births accounted for 3.9%(258/6 695) of live births and 60.1%(258/429) of preterm births. The incidence of the following maternal complications among the late preterm group was higher than that among term group(all P<0.05): severe pre-eclampsia [7.4%(19/258) vs 1.0%(3/308), χ2=15.35]; preterm rupture of membrane [42.6%(110/258) vs 15.3%(47/308), χ2=52.49];cervical insufficiency [1.9%(5/258) vs 0.0%(0/308), Fisher's exact test];placenta previa[3.5%(9/258) vs 0.6%(2/308), Fisher's exact test] and placental abruption [2.7%(7/258) vs 0.3%(1/308), Fisher's exact test]. Severe pre-eclampsia was the major risk factor leading to late preterm birth. The incidence of the following neonatal complications among the late preterm group was higher than that among term group (all P<0.05):respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) [11.6%(30/258) vs 1.6%(5/308), χ2=24.22]; hyperbilirubinemia [64.3%(166/258) vs 39.6%(122/308),χ2=34.36];electrolyte disturbance [12.8%(33/258) vs 1.6(95/308),χ2=27.96];hypothermia [7.0%(18/258) vs 2.9%(9/308),χ2=5.08];infectious pneumonia[13.6%(35/258) vs 3.2%(10/308), χ2=20.43]; leukoencephalopathy [3.1%(8/258) vs 0.3%(1/308), χ2=5.25]; low body temperature [18.6%(48/258) vs 3.6%(11/308),χ2=33.98] and neonatal asphyxia [6.2%(16/258) vs 1.0%(3/308),χ2=11.86]. The incidence of the following neonatal complications among late preterm infants born at<35 weeks gestation was higher than that among late preterm infants born at≥35 weeks gestation (all P<0.05):NRDS [30.4%(14/46) vs 7.5%(16/212) ,χ2=19.26];hyperbilirubinemia [91.3%(42/46) vs 58.5%(124/212), χ2=17.74]; electrolyte disturbance [21.7%(10/46) vs 10.8%(23/212), χ2=4.02]; intracranial hemorrhage [8.7%(4/46) vs 1.9%(4/212),χ2=3.88];leukoencephalopathy [10.9%(5/46) vs 1.4%(3/212),χ2=8.32] and neonatal asphyxia [15.2%(7/46) vs 4.2%(9/212), χ2=6.05]. Conclusions Severe pre-eclampsia is the major risk factor leading to late preterm birth. The incidence of complications among late preterm infants is higher than that among term infants. If a pregnancy has to be terminated because of maternal disorders, the pregnancy period should be extended to 35 weeks if it permits.