CAJ | 학술논문

本试验旨在研究植物蛋白质复合物（膨化豆粕∶花生粕∶玉米蛋白粉＝38％∶17％∶45％）替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中鱼粉的可行性，并寻求其适宜的替代比例。选择初始体重为（0．52±0．01）g的健康凡纳滨对虾苗720尾，随机分成6组，每组3个重复，每个重复40尾虾。以0、3．91％、7．82％、11．73％、15．64％和23．46％的植物蛋白质复合物分别替代饲料中0、10％、20％、30％、40％和60％的鱼粉，配制成6种等氮等能饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明：植物蛋白质复合物替代不同比例的鱼粉后对凡纳滨对虾的成活率、肝体指数以及全虾粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均未产生显著影响（P＞0．05）。替代比例高于40％时，增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率以及血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著降低（P＜0．05），饲料系数显著升高（ P＜0．05）；替代比例高于30％时，蛋白质沉积率、全虾粗蛋白质含量以及血清总胆固醇含量显著降低（ P＜0．05），血清甘油三酯含量显著升高（P＜0．05）。植物蛋白质复合物替代30％的鱼粉后对血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、一氧化氮合成酶活性均未产生显著影响（P＞0．05），但蛋白质、脂肪和能量及大部分必需氨基酸（蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸）的表观消化率均显著降低（P＜0．05）。综合分析生长、饲料利用和养分表观消化率，在蛋白质水平为40％、鱼粉含量为30％的凡纳滨对虾基础饲料中，植物蛋白质复合物（膨化豆粕∶花生粕∶玉米蛋白粉＝38％∶17％∶45％）替代20％的鱼粉较适宜。
본시험지재연구식물단백질복합물（팽화두박∶화생박∶옥미단백분＝38％∶17％∶45％）체대범납빈대하사료중어분적가행성，병심구기괄의적체대비례。선택초시체중위（0．52±0．01）g적건강범납빈대하묘720미，수궤분성6조，매조3개중복，매개중복40미하。이0、3．91％、7．82％、11．73％、15．64％화23．46％적식물단백질복합물분별체대사료중0、10％、20％、30％、40％화60％적어분，배제성6충등담등능사료。시험기위56 d。결과표명：식물단백질복합물체대불동비례적어분후대범납빈대하적성활솔、간체지수이급전하조지방화조회분함량균미산생현저영향（P＞0．05）。체대비례고우40％시，증중솔、특정생장솔、단백질효솔이급혈청총단백화포도당함량현저강저（P＜0．05），사료계수현저승고（ P＜0．05）；체대비례고우30％시，단백질침적솔、전하조단백질함량이급혈청총담고순함량현저강저（ P＜0．05），혈청감유삼지함량현저승고（P＜0．05）。식물단백질복합물체대30％적어분후대혈청산성린산매、감성린산매、초양화물기화매、일양화담합성매활성균미산생현저영향（P＞0．05），단단백질、지방화능량급대부분필수안기산（단안산、분병안산、힐안산、조안산、정안산、소안산）적표관소화솔균현저강저（P＜0．05）。종합분석생장、사료이용화양분표관소화솔，재단백질수평위40％、어분함량위30％적범납빈대하기출사료중，식물단백질복합물（팽화두박∶화생박∶옥미단백분＝38％∶17％∶45％）체대20％적어분교괄의。
This experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of replacement of fish meal with plant protein mixture(extruded soybean meal ∶ peanut meal ∶ corn gluten meal = 38% ∶17% ∶45%)in diets for Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei),and to find out the optimal replacement proportion. A total of 720 Pacific white shrimps with an average body weight of(0.52±0.01)g were randomly distributed into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 3.91%,7.82%,11.73%,15.64% and 23.46% plant protein mixture to replace 10%,20%,30%,40% and 60% fish meal,respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed as follows:different replace-ment proportions of fish meal with plant protein mixture showed no significant effects on survival rate( SR), hepatopancreas-somatic index and the contents of crude lipid and ash in whole body(P>0.05). When the re-placement proportion was over 40%,weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),protein efficien-cy ratio(PER)and the contents of total protein and glucose in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while feed conversion ratio( FCR)was significantly increased( P<0.05). When the replacement proportion was over 30%,protein retention ratio( PRR),whole body crude protein content and serum total cholesterol content were significantly decreased( P<0.05),while serum triglyceride content was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Replacement of 30% fish meal with plant protein mixture had no significant effects on the activities of acid phosphatase( ACP),alkaline phosphatase( AKP),surperoxide dismutase( SOD)and nitric oxide synthetase(NOS)in serum(P>0.05),while significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of protein,lip-id,energy and most of essential amino acids including methionine,phenylalanine,valine,histidine,arginine and threonine(P<0.05). Comprehensive analysis of growth,feed utilization and nutrient apparent digestibili-ty,the optimal proportion of plant protein mixture(extruded soybean meal ∶ peanut meal ∶ corn gluten meal =38% ∶17% ∶45%)to replace fish meal is 20% in the basal diet for Pacific white shrimp,which containing 40%protein and 30% fish meal.