四川农业大学学报
四川農業大學學報
사천농업대학학보
JOURNAL OF SICHUAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2014年
2期
126-133
,共8页
谢必武%张凤龙%张甲%晏承兴%张世平
謝必武%張鳳龍%張甲%晏承興%張世平
사필무%장봉룡%장갑%안승흥%장세평
三峡糯一号%生理指标%密度%施氮量%叶龄%优化措施
三峽糯一號%生理指標%密度%施氮量%葉齡%優化措施
삼협나일호%생리지표%밀도%시담량%협령%우화조시
Sanxia nuo 1%physiological index%density%nitrogen application rate%leaf age%the optimization measures
【目的】探明早熟糯稻新品种三峡糯一号的配套栽培技术及高产机理。【方法】应用三因素二次正交回归旋转组合设计，建立了栽插密度、施氮量、移栽叶龄与三峡糯一号根系活力、剑叶光合速率、基部叶片叶绿素含量、基部叶片POD酶活性等主要生理指标的数学模型，并通过模拟寻优出优化栽培措施方案。【结果】施氮量是影响三峡糯一号生理指标的主要因素，增大施氮量（137?55～172?50 kg/hm2）可提高水稻根系活力，基部叶片叶绿素含量增加，剑叶光合速率高，但施氮量少（34?96～86?25 kg/hm2）能促进POD酶活性，过大的施氮量（超过137?55 kg/hm2）又会抑制POD酶活性；低密度（15?00～18?75万穴/hm2）可促进水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率高、加速光合物的转化，而高密度（28?13～37?50万穴/hm2）抑制水稻根系活力的增加、剑叶光合速率低、光合物转化减慢、不利于产量的形成；小苗秧（3?0～5?0叶）叶片叶绿素合成速度快，大苗秧（7?0～8?5叶）叶片叶绿素合成速度减慢；栽插密度和施氮量在低水平（-1?682～0）水平区间，其增产效果非常明显，原因在于二者对POD酶活性、根系活力的促进及加速光合物转化。【结论】三峡糯一号高产组合方案为：栽插密度22?53～24?45万穴/hm2、施氮量131?23～136?11 kg/hm2、栽插叶龄为5?07～6?17叶。在这样的栽培措施下，三峡糯一号有95％的把握可达到根系活力大于27?31μg/（gFW·h）、剑叶光合速率大于3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h）、基部叶片叶绿素高于23?88 mg/g、基部叶片POD酶含量高于23?88 POD470/（g·min）的高产生理指标和产量在8362?87 kg/hm2以上。hm2）decreased root activity，flag leaf photosynthetic rate，transformation of photosynthetic mat-ter and yield formation?Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3?0-5?0 leav-es but the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7?0-8?5 leaves?when planting density and ni-trogen application rate were at a low interval （-1?682-0），effects of increasing yield was very obvious?This was mainly because they together promote root activity，POD activity and photo-synthetic conversion?【Conclusion】The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1 were shown as followed：Planting density 225300-244500 point/hm2，nitrogen application 131?23-136?11 kg/hm2 and leaf age of 5?07-6?17?Under the cultivation measures，95％ confidence could be reached in the following parameters：Root activity ＞27?31μg/（gFW·h），photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ＞3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h），chlorophyll of basal leaves ＞23?88 mg/g，POD content of basal leaves ＞23?88 POD470/（g·min）and the yield ＞8362?87 kg/hm2?
【目的】探明早熟糯稻新品種三峽糯一號的配套栽培技術及高產機理。【方法】應用三因素二次正交迴歸鏇轉組閤設計，建立瞭栽插密度、施氮量、移栽葉齡與三峽糯一號根繫活力、劍葉光閤速率、基部葉片葉綠素含量、基部葉片POD酶活性等主要生理指標的數學模型，併通過模擬尋優齣優化栽培措施方案。【結果】施氮量是影響三峽糯一號生理指標的主要因素，增大施氮量（137?55～172?50 kg/hm2）可提高水稻根繫活力，基部葉片葉綠素含量增加，劍葉光閤速率高，但施氮量少（34?96～86?25 kg/hm2）能促進POD酶活性，過大的施氮量（超過137?55 kg/hm2）又會抑製POD酶活性；低密度（15?00～18?75萬穴/hm2）可促進水稻根繫活力的增加、劍葉光閤速率高、加速光閤物的轉化，而高密度（28?13～37?50萬穴/hm2）抑製水稻根繫活力的增加、劍葉光閤速率低、光閤物轉化減慢、不利于產量的形成；小苗秧（3?0～5?0葉）葉片葉綠素閤成速度快，大苗秧（7?0～8?5葉）葉片葉綠素閤成速度減慢；栽插密度和施氮量在低水平（-1?682～0）水平區間，其增產效果非常明顯，原因在于二者對POD酶活性、根繫活力的促進及加速光閤物轉化。【結論】三峽糯一號高產組閤方案為：栽插密度22?53～24?45萬穴/hm2、施氮量131?23～136?11 kg/hm2、栽插葉齡為5?07～6?17葉。在這樣的栽培措施下，三峽糯一號有95％的把握可達到根繫活力大于27?31μg/（gFW·h）、劍葉光閤速率大于3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h）、基部葉片葉綠素高于23?88 mg/g、基部葉片POD酶含量高于23?88 POD470/（g·min）的高產生理指標和產量在8362?87 kg/hm2以上。hm2）decreased root activity，flag leaf photosynthetic rate，transformation of photosynthetic mat-ter and yield formation?Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3?0-5?0 leav-es but the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7?0-8?5 leaves?when planting density and ni-trogen application rate were at a low interval （-1?682-0），effects of increasing yield was very obvious?This was mainly because they together promote root activity，POD activity and photo-synthetic conversion?【Conclusion】The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1 were shown as followed：Planting density 225300-244500 point/hm2，nitrogen application 131?23-136?11 kg/hm2 and leaf age of 5?07-6?17?Under the cultivation measures，95％ confidence could be reached in the following parameters：Root activity ＞27?31μg/（gFW·h），photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ＞3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h），chlorophyll of basal leaves ＞23?88 mg/g，POD content of basal leaves ＞23?88 POD470/（g·min）and the yield ＞8362?87 kg/hm2?
【목적】탐명조숙나도신품충삼협나일호적배투재배기술급고산궤리。【방법】응용삼인소이차정교회귀선전조합설계，건립료재삽밀도、시담량、이재협령여삼협나일호근계활력、검협광합속솔、기부협편협록소함량、기부협편POD매활성등주요생리지표적수학모형，병통과모의심우출우화재배조시방안。【결과】시담량시영향삼협나일호생리지표적주요인소，증대시담량（137?55～172?50 kg/hm2）가제고수도근계활력，기부협편협록소함량증가，검협광합속솔고，단시담량소（34?96～86?25 kg/hm2）능촉진POD매활성，과대적시담량（초과137?55 kg/hm2）우회억제POD매활성；저밀도（15?00～18?75만혈/hm2）가촉진수도근계활력적증가、검협광합속솔고、가속광합물적전화，이고밀도（28?13～37?50만혈/hm2）억제수도근계활력적증가、검협광합속솔저、광합물전화감만、불리우산량적형성；소묘앙（3?0～5?0협）협편협록소합성속도쾌，대묘앙（7?0～8?5협）협편협록소합성속도감만；재삽밀도화시담량재저수평（-1?682～0）수평구간，기증산효과비상명현，원인재우이자대POD매활성、근계활력적촉진급가속광합물전화。【결론】삼협나일호고산조합방안위：재삽밀도22?53～24?45만혈/hm2、시담량131?23～136?11 kg/hm2、재삽협령위5?07～6?17협。재저양적재배조시하，삼협나일호유95％적파악가체도근계활력대우27?31μg/（gFW·h）、검협광합속솔대우3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h）、기부협편협록소고우23?88 mg/g、기부협편POD매함량고우23?88 POD470/（g·min）적고산생리지표화산량재8362?87 kg/hm2이상。hm2）decreased root activity，flag leaf photosynthetic rate，transformation of photosynthetic mat-ter and yield formation?Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3?0-5?0 leav-es but the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7?0-8?5 leaves?when planting density and ni-trogen application rate were at a low interval （-1?682-0），effects of increasing yield was very obvious?This was mainly because they together promote root activity，POD activity and photo-synthetic conversion?【Conclusion】The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1 were shown as followed：Planting density 225300-244500 point/hm2，nitrogen application 131?23-136?11 kg/hm2 and leaf age of 5?07-6?17?Under the cultivation measures，95％ confidence could be reached in the following parameters：Root activity ＞27?31μg/（gFW·h），photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ＞3?43 CO2 mg/（dm2·h），chlorophyll of basal leaves ＞23?88 mg/g，POD content of basal leaves ＞23?88 POD470/（g·min）and the yield ＞8362?87 kg/hm2?
Obj ective Our aim of the study was to explore the cultivation techniques of the new early-ripening rice of Sanxia glutinous-1 and to suggest mechanisms of high yield?[Method]A three factors (transplanting density,nitrogen addition and leaf age)and two orthogonal regres-sion rotation combination design was used in this study?Some physiological index,root vigor, photosynthetic rate of sword leaves and chlorophyll content and POD activity of basal was esti-mated?The optimization cultivation measures were obtained based on mathematical simulation?[Results]Nitrogen was the key factor affecting physiological index of Sanxia glutinous-1?Nitro-gen application rate from 137? 55 to 172? 50 kg/hm2 improved root activity,chlorophyll content of basal leaves and photosynthetic rate flag leaf?But nitrogen applidtion rates between 34? 96 and 86? 25 kg/hm2 promoted POD activity?More than 137? 55 kg/hm2 nitrogen inhibited POD activity?Low density (150 000-187 500 point/hm2 )increased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate and transformation of photosynthetic matter?However,high density (281 300-375 000 point/hm2 )decreased root activity,flag leaf photosynthetic rate,transformation of photosynthetic matterand yield formation?Leaf chlorophyll synthesis was fast in small seedlings with 3?0-5?0 leavesbut the opposite was true for big seedlings with 7?0-8?5 leaves?when planting density and nitrogenapplication rate were at a low interval (-1?6 82 -0 ),effects of increasing yield was veryobvious?This was mainly because they together promote root activity,POD activity and photosyntheticconversion?[Conclusion]The schemes of high yield in Sanxia glutinous-1 were shownas followed:Planting density 22 5 300 -244 500 point/hm2 ,nitrogen application 1 3 1?2 3 -1 3 6?1 1kg/hm2 and leaf age of 5?07 - 6?1 7 ?Under the cultivation measures,9 5 % confidence could bereached in the following parameters:Root activity >2 7?3 1 μg/(gFW·h),photosynthetic rate offlag leaf >3?43 CO2 mg/(dm2 ·h),chlorophyll of basal leaves >2 3?88 mg/g,POD content ofbasal leaves >2 3?88 POD470/(g·min)and the yield >8 3 6 2?87 kg/hm2 .
