CAJ | 학술논문

为探明群体构建因素与寒地水稻产量的关系，采用随机区组设计，对分蘖力不同的‘空育131’和‘龙粳31’进行试验。结果表明：行距、株距、穴数、穴苗数中以穴数和株距对产量的影响最大，其次是穴苗数，穴数与产量呈极显著正相关（‘空育131’为0．895**、‘龙粳31’为0．823**）；株距与产量呈极显著负相关（‘空育131’为-0．794**、‘龙粳31’为-0．780**）；穴苗数与产量呈负相关（‘空育131’为-0．572、‘龙粳31’为-0．709**）；行距与产量呈负相关但未达显著水平（‘空育131’为-0．428，‘龙粳31’为-0．035）；相同基本苗不同田间分布，两品种均表现为株距6 cm、穴数69．4穴/m2、穴苗数2苗/穴时产量最高，且秧苗分布对产量的影响大于插秧基本苗数的影响；两品种的 CV 均表现为穗数＞穗粒数＞结实率＞千粒重，穗数与产量的相关系数‘空育131’为0.892**、‘龙粳31’为0．958**，即群体构建因素主要通过影响穗数而影响产量。寒地水稻在现有株行配置下通过“缩株距、增穴数、减穴苗”，能够实现大幅度增产，对分蘖能力差的品种增产效果更为显著。
위탐명군체구건인소여한지수도산량적관계，채용수궤구조설계，대분얼력불동적‘공육131’화‘룡갱31’진행시험。결과표명：행거、주거、혈수、혈묘수중이혈수화주거대산량적영향최대，기차시혈묘수，혈수여산량정겁현저정상관（‘공육131’위0．895**、‘룡갱31’위0．823**）；주거여산량정겁현저부상관（‘공육131’위-0．794**、‘룡갱31’위-0．780**）；혈묘수여산량정부상관（‘공육131’위-0．572、‘룡갱31’위-0．709**）；행거여산량정부상관단미체현저수평（‘공육131’위-0．428，‘룡갱31’위-0．035）；상동기본묘불동전간분포，량품충균표현위주거6 cm、혈수69．4혈/m2、혈묘수2묘/혈시산량최고，차앙묘분포대산량적영향대우삽앙기본묘수적영향；량품충적 CV 균표현위수수＞수립수＞결실솔＞천립중，수수여산량적상관계수‘공육131’위0.892**、‘룡갱31’위0．958**，즉군체구건인소주요통과영향수수이영향산량。한지수도재현유주행배치하통과“축주거、증혈수、감혈묘”，능구실현대폭도증산，대분얼능력차적품충증산효과경위현저。
In order to explore the rice yield in cold region as influenced by plant density compo-nents,field experiments with both different-tillering-ability cultivars-‘Kongyu 131’,‘Longjing 31’-were carried out under various row spacings,plant spacings and seedlings per hill.The randomized block experiment results showed that among row spacing,plant spacing,number of hills per unit area and seedlings per hill,the number of hills per unit area and plant spacing had the greatest effect on the yield,and the seedlings per hill came second;There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of hills per unit area and the yield(0.895 ** for ‘Kongyu 131 ’,0.823 ** for ‘Longjing 31 ’);There was a significantly negative correlation between the plant spacing and the yield(-0.794 ** for‘Kongyu 131’,-0.780 ** for ‘Longjing 31’);The seedlings per hill were negatively correlated to the yield(-0.572 for ‘Kongyu 131’,-0.709 ** for ‘Longjing 31’);The row spacing was negatively corre-lated to the yield at an insignificant level(-0.428 for ‘Kongyu 131 ’,-0.035 for ‘Longjing 31 ’);At 6-cm plant spacing,69.4 hills/m2 and 2 seedlings/hill,both cultivars under the same basic seedlings reached the highest yield in different fields,and the effect of seedlings distribution on the yield was greater than the effect of transplanted basic seedlings number on the yield;In terms of CVs both culti-vars showed number of spikes>number of grains per spike>seed-setting rate>1 000-grain weight,and the coefficient of correlation between spikes and yield was 0.892 ** for ‘Kongyu 131’and 0.958 ** for‘Longjing 31’,indicating that plant density components influenced the yield mainly by affecting the number of spikes.Under the current plant spacing and row spacing,decreasing plant spacing and seed-lings per hill and increasing hills per unit area could largely improve the rice yield in cold region and have a more significant effect on increasing the yield of rice with poor tillering ability.