琼州学院学报
瓊州學院學報
경주학원학보
JOURNAL OF QIONGZHOU UNIVERSITY
2014年
3期
94-102
,共9页
明清%海南%疫灾%时空分布%应对
明清%海南%疫災%時空分佈%應對
명청%해남%역재%시공분포%응대
Ming and Qing dynasties%Hainan%epidemic disasters%temporal and spatial distribution%reac-tion
明清时期海南地区至少在53个年份中发生过疫灾，疫灾频度约为9．74％，光绪-宣统时期是疫灾多发时段，疫灾主要发生在夏秋时节，有鼠疫、霍乱、天花、疫痢等病症，琼山、澄迈、儋州、临高等地是疫灾多发地区。琼州府北部地区发生疫灾的次数高于南部地区，西线地区高于东线地区，中部山区疫灾较少。医治、施药、避疫与建醮禳灾是救治疫灾的常用措施，该时期整个海南社会的疫灾救疗呈现出一种临事性救治的特征。
明清時期海南地區至少在53箇年份中髮生過疫災，疫災頻度約為9．74％，光緒-宣統時期是疫災多髮時段，疫災主要髮生在夏鞦時節，有鼠疫、霍亂、天花、疫痢等病癥，瓊山、澄邁、儋州、臨高等地是疫災多髮地區。瓊州府北部地區髮生疫災的次數高于南部地區，西線地區高于東線地區，中部山區疫災較少。醫治、施藥、避疫與建醮禳災是救治疫災的常用措施，該時期整箇海南社會的疫災救療呈現齣一種臨事性救治的特徵。
명청시기해남지구지소재53개년빈중발생과역재，역재빈도약위9．74％，광서-선통시기시역재다발시단，역재주요발생재하추시절，유서역、곽란、천화、역리등병증，경산、징매、담주、림고등지시역재다발지구。경주부북부지구발생역재적차수고우남부지구，서선지구고우동선지구，중부산구역재교소。의치、시약、피역여건초양재시구치역재적상용조시，해시기정개해남사회적역재구료정현출일충림사성구치적특정。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Hainan experienced epidemic disasters at least 53 times, and the frequency of the epidemic disasters was about 9 .74%.The disasters happened mainly in Guangxu-Xu-antong period,and often in summer and autumn.The epidemic diseases mainly contained plagues,cholera, smallpox and dysentery.Epidemics prevailed largely in Qiongshan,Chengmai,Danzhou and Lingao.Epidemic disasters occurred more in northern Qiongzhou than in the southern region,more in the western region than the eastern region,and less in the central mountains.Therapy,drug treatment,prevention,and prayer were com-monly used to treat the epidemic disasters,and those treatments showed the characteristics of temporary treatment in Hainan at that time.
