清华大学教育研究
清華大學教育研究
청화대학교육연구
RESEARCH ON EDUCATION TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY
2014年
3期
67-72
,共6页
集中%分散%联邦大学科研资金%分配
集中%分散%聯邦大學科研資金%分配
집중%분산%련방대학과연자금%분배
concentration%dispersion%federal funds for academic research%distribution
美国联邦政府在战后主要采用以业绩为基础的同行评议制度,通过竞争分配大学科研经费。这一制度导致美国联邦大学科研经费高度集中于少数有声望的大学,并由此引发扩大联邦科研经费分布的要求和相应行动。联邦大学科研经费分配的集中与分散不仅成为战后美国高等教育的基本特点,而且还产生了难以解决的相互对立。
美國聯邦政府在戰後主要採用以業績為基礎的同行評議製度,通過競爭分配大學科研經費。這一製度導緻美國聯邦大學科研經費高度集中于少數有聲望的大學,併由此引髮擴大聯邦科研經費分佈的要求和相應行動。聯邦大學科研經費分配的集中與分散不僅成為戰後美國高等教育的基本特點,而且還產生瞭難以解決的相互對立。
미국련방정부재전후주요채용이업적위기출적동행평의제도,통과경쟁분배대학과연경비。저일제도도치미국련방대학과연경비고도집중우소수유성망적대학,병유차인발확대련방과연경비분포적요구화상응행동。련방대학과연경비분배적집중여분산불부성위전후미국고등교육적기본특점,이차환산생료난이해결적상호대립。
The U.S.federal government distributed academic research funds with a merit-based peer review system and emphasized competition after the Second World War.The system led to undue con-centration of federal research funding in a small number of prestigious universities,and thus triggered the need to expand federal funding on the basis of equality.The concentration and dispersion in the dis-tribution of federal academic research funding not only became the basic feature of American higher edu-cation after the war,but have also brought about mutually contradictory effects.