CAJ | 학술논문

以仿刺参幼参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,采用发酵法培养生物絮团,在室内塑料水槽中进行为期30 d的幼参培育实验。选择蔗糖作为碳源,并设置饵料替代(0、10%、15%和20%共计4个梯度)和换水频次(3 d/次和7d/次两种)正交实验,分析其对幼参生长、成活及其体内消化酶、免疫性酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的影响,为生物絮团培育幼参技术确定最佳投饵量和换水频次等参数提供依据。结果表明,实验期间处理组淀粉酶(AMS)活性总体均高于对照组,生物絮团可以提高幼参淀粉酶活性；第15天时,每3 d换水1次并替代15%饵料的处理组幼参体壁中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD,32.9 U/mg prot)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP,146.8 U/g prot)活性高于其他3组和对照组(P<0.05)；而每7 d换水1次且替代20%饵料组SOD(35.3 U/mg prot)及AKP酶活性(158.8 U/g prot)均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。第30天时,每7 d换水1次且替代10%饵料组幼参淀粉酶和SOD活性均比15 d有所升高,尤其AKP活性明显升高；其特定生长率(4.12%/d)与成活率(98.9%)均最高。每7 d换水1次且替代15%饵料组体壁中可溶性蛋白含量(10.9 mg/g)最高,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)；但与替代10%饵料组(9.3 mg/g)差异不显著。而每3 d换水1次且替代20%饵料组幼参成活率(91.8%)最低,其可溶性蛋白含量与其他3组和对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。适当降低换水频次和减少投饵量适于生物絮团系统中幼参的生长、存活与可溶性蛋白质积累。
이방자삼유삼(Apostichopus japonicus)위연구대상,채용발효법배양생물서단,재실내소료수조중진행위기30 d적유삼배육실험。선택자당작위탄원,병설치이료체대(0、10%、15%화20%공계4개제도)화환수빈차(3 d/차화7d/차량충)정교실험,분석기대유삼생장、성활급기체내소화매、면역성매활성화가용성단백함량적영향,위생물서단배육유삼기술학정최가투이량화환수빈차등삼수제공의거。결과표명,실험기간처리조정분매(AMS)활성총체균고우대조조,생물서단가이제고유삼정분매활성；제15천시,매3 d환수1차병체대15%이료적처리조유삼체벽중초양화물기화매(SOD,32.9 U/mg prot)급감성린산매(AKP,146.8 U/g prot)활성고우기타3조화대조조(P<0.05)；이매7 d환수1차차체대20%이료조SOD(35.3 U/mg prot)급AKP매활성(158.8 U/g prot)균명현고우대조조(P<0.05)。제30천시,매7 d환수1차차체대10%이료조유삼정분매화SOD활성균비15 d유소승고,우기AKP활성명현승고；기특정생장솔(4.12%/d)여성활솔(98.9%)균최고。매7 d환수1차차체대15%이료조체벽중가용성단백함량(10.9 mg/g)최고,균명현고우대조조(P<0.05)；단여체대10%이료조(9.3 mg/g)차이불현저。이매3 d환수1차차체대20%이료조유삼성활솔(91.8%)최저,기가용성단백함량여기타3조화대조조차이불현저(P>0.05)。괄당강저환수빈차화감소투이량괄우생물서단계통중유삼적생장、존활여가용성단백질적루。
We evaluated the effects of bioflocs on digestibility, immunity, growth, and survival of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during a 30 d feeding trial. Animals were fed one of four diets in which 0, 10%, 15%or 20%of the carbon source was replaced with sucrose. Additionally, we tested the effect of water-exchange frequency (3 or 7 d). The experiment was set up using an orthogonal design and we measured growth performance, survival, enzyme activi-ties, and soluble protein content. The activities of amylase(AMS) in the experimental groups were generally higher than in the control, indicating that the bioflocs stimulate amylase activity in A. japonicus. On day 15, superoxide dismu-tase(SOD, 32.9 U/mg prot)and alkaline phosphatase (AKP, 146.8 U/g prot)activity was higher in the 3 d/15% group than in the other three groups and the control(P<0.05). Similarly, SOD (35.3U/mg prot) and AKP(158.8 U/g prot) activ-ity was higher in the7 d/20%group than in the other three groups and the control group(P<0.05). AMS and SOD activ-ity were higher on day 30 than on day 15 in the 7 d/10%group and the increase in AKP activity was particularly sig-nificant. The growth rate (4.12%/d) and survival (98.9%) were highest in this group, whereas survival was lowest (91.8%) in the 3 d/20%group. Furthermore, the soluble protein content in the body wall of A. japonicus was not differ-ent from the other three groups and the control (P>0.05).The soluble protein content (10.9 mg/g) was higher in the 7 d/15%group than in the control(P<0.05), but was not different from the 7 d/10%group. Thus, our results suggest that areduction inwater exchanging frequency and feeding quantity may be beneficial to growth performance and soluble protein accumulation in A. japonicus. Our results provide a basis for determining the optimal feeding quantity and wa-ter-exchanging frequency for juvenile sea cucumber in biofloc technology systems.