生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
721-728
,共8页
李剑睿%徐应明%林大松%梁学峰%孙约兵%王林
李劍睿%徐應明%林大鬆%樑學峰%孫約兵%王林
리검예%서응명%림대송%량학봉%손약병%왕림
农田%重金属%污染%钝化%修复
農田%重金屬%汙染%鈍化%脩複
농전%중금속%오염%둔화%수복
farmland%heavy metal%contamination%immobilization%remediation
污染土壤重金属原位钝化修复是通过向土壤中施加一些活性钝化修复材料,通过溶解沉淀、离子交换吸附、氧化还原、有机络合等反应来改变重金属在土壤中的赋存状态,降低土壤中重金属的有效浓度、迁移性和生物有效性。这种方法成本较低、操作简单、见效快且适合大面积推广,在重金属污染土壤修复中有着不可替代的作用。尤其对主要由污水灌溉、大气沉降等造成的农田土壤面源污染,一些具有吸附固定土壤中重金属离子特性的天然物质和工业副产品都可运用在实地的钝化修复中,且不同类型的钝化修复剂对重金属污染土壤的钝化修复效果各不相同。采用实验室评价和实地应用评价,一方面可以评估钝化修复材料对污染土壤中重金属离子的固定效率;另一方面可以评估钝化修复材料对土壤理化性状、养分状况和生物活性的影响。对重金属污染土壤原位钝化修复中不同来源的钝化剂进行了分类,目前广泛使用的钝化修复剂主要包括硅钙物质、含磷材料、有机物料、黏土矿物、金属及金属氧化物、生物碳及新型材料等,概述了它们各自对重金属污染土壤的钝化修复效果。从研究方法、评价指标、环境影响因子、钝化机制以及环境风险评价等方面分析了该领域的研究现状以及存在的主要问题,今后应重点关注钝化修复剂对土壤-作物系统的潜在环境风险以及钝化材料修复效果的田间长期稳定性评价。
汙染土壤重金屬原位鈍化脩複是通過嚮土壤中施加一些活性鈍化脩複材料,通過溶解沉澱、離子交換吸附、氧化還原、有機絡閤等反應來改變重金屬在土壤中的賦存狀態,降低土壤中重金屬的有效濃度、遷移性和生物有效性。這種方法成本較低、操作簡單、見效快且適閤大麵積推廣,在重金屬汙染土壤脩複中有著不可替代的作用。尤其對主要由汙水灌溉、大氣沉降等造成的農田土壤麵源汙染,一些具有吸附固定土壤中重金屬離子特性的天然物質和工業副產品都可運用在實地的鈍化脩複中,且不同類型的鈍化脩複劑對重金屬汙染土壤的鈍化脩複效果各不相同。採用實驗室評價和實地應用評價,一方麵可以評估鈍化脩複材料對汙染土壤中重金屬離子的固定效率;另一方麵可以評估鈍化脩複材料對土壤理化性狀、養分狀況和生物活性的影響。對重金屬汙染土壤原位鈍化脩複中不同來源的鈍化劑進行瞭分類,目前廣汎使用的鈍化脩複劑主要包括硅鈣物質、含燐材料、有機物料、黏土礦物、金屬及金屬氧化物、生物碳及新型材料等,概述瞭它們各自對重金屬汙染土壤的鈍化脩複效果。從研究方法、評價指標、環境影響因子、鈍化機製以及環境風險評價等方麵分析瞭該領域的研究現狀以及存在的主要問題,今後應重點關註鈍化脩複劑對土壤-作物繫統的潛在環境風險以及鈍化材料脩複效果的田間長期穩定性評價。
오염토양중금속원위둔화수복시통과향토양중시가일사활성둔화수복재료,통과용해침정、리자교환흡부、양화환원、유궤락합등반응래개변중금속재토양중적부존상태,강저토양중중금속적유효농도、천이성화생물유효성。저충방법성본교저、조작간단、견효쾌차괄합대면적추엄,재중금속오염토양수복중유착불가체대적작용。우기대주요유오수관개、대기침강등조성적농전토양면원오염,일사구유흡부고정토양중중금속리자특성적천연물질화공업부산품도가운용재실지적둔화수복중,차불동류형적둔화수복제대중금속오염토양적둔화수복효과각불상동。채용실험실평개화실지응용평개,일방면가이평고둔화수복재료대오염토양중중금속리자적고정효솔;령일방면가이평고둔화수복재료대토양이화성상、양분상황화생물활성적영향。대중금속오염토양원위둔화수복중불동래원적둔화제진행료분류,목전엄범사용적둔화수복제주요포괄규개물질、함린재료、유궤물료、점토광물、금속급금속양화물、생물탄급신형재료등,개술료타문각자대중금속오염토양적둔화수복효과。종연구방법、평개지표、배경영향인자、둔화궤제이급배경풍험평개등방면분석료해영역적연구현상이급존재적주요문제,금후응중점관주둔화수복제대토양-작물계통적잠재배경풍험이급둔화재료수복효과적전간장기은정성평개。
In situ immobilization of heavy metal in contaminated soils with active amendments could decrease the available fractions, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals by changing occurrence state of heavy metals in soils, caused by the reactions of dissolution/precipitation, exchange/adsorption, oxidation/reduction and organic complex. The method has been considered as a cost-effective and operation-easy measure, which is becoming non-replaceable for contaminated soil remediation at a large scale. Natural materials and industrial by-products with high sorption characteristics could be applied to the remediation of non-point contaminated arable soils by sewage irrigation and atmospheric sedimentation, and different amendments had distinct effects on contaminated soils. The immobilization efficiency of amendments on heavy metals in soils and the effect of amendments on physicochemical properties and biological activities of soils in laboratory and field. This paper summarized the remediation effects of amendments on soils polluted by heavy metals, which include Si/Ca substances, phosphorus materials, organic compost, clay minerals, metal oxides, biochar and new materials. The present researches about thein situ immobilization of heavy metals in soil were presented, involving research methods, immobilization indexes, environmental factors, stabilization mechanisms and relevant environmental risk assessment, and moreover, the limitations and prospects of thein situ immobilization of heavy metals in soil were discussed. Future work should focus on the potential risks of immobilization amendments applied to the soil-crop system and its long-term effect on field.