CAJ | 학술논문

作物植被碳储量是全球陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分。中国农田作物植被碳储量的估算主要采用参数估算法、遥感资料反演法和环境参数模型法。通过对中国近几十年来全国和区域尺度作物植被碳储量的估算研究，获得了一些作物的经济系数、含碳率和作物收获部分水分系数等估算参数值，探讨了遥感反演和环境参数模型方法，并提出加强农田基本建设、改进农业生产技术与管理、调整作物结构和加强作物秸秆利用等固碳措施。目前对中国农田作物植被碳储量的估算仍存在较大的不确定性，获取的估算参数尚不充分，估算方法和模型有待完善，对作物植被碳储量变化的源/汇效应尚未取得统一认识。虽然在农田生态系统中土壤碳储量（密度）普遍大于作物植被碳储量（密度），但作物植被碳储量仍然是一个数量可观、并有增加潜力和可能的碳库，其大小及秸秆利用情况直接影响着土壤碳库。因此，对农田作物植被碳储量应分时段和区域具体分析，才能认识其源/汇效应。今后应在以下几方面进一步加强作物植被碳储量的研究：进一步完善和改进估算方法；加强作物植被碳储量估算及固碳措施的区域个例研究，探索不同空间尺度作物植被碳储量的尺度转换；开展作物碳储量动态及固碳机理的综合研究。此外，还应就气候变化与作物植被碳储量的相互耦合关系进行探讨。
작물식피탄저량시전구륙지생태계통탄고적중요조성부분。중국농전작물식피탄저량적고산주요채용삼수고산법、요감자료반연법화배경삼수모형법。통과대중국근궤십년래전국화구역척도작물식피탄저량적고산연구，획득료일사작물적경제계수、함탄솔화작물수획부분수분계수등고산삼수치，탐토료요감반연화배경삼수모형방법，병제출가강농전기본건설、개진농업생산기술여관리、조정작물결구화가강작물갈간이용등고탄조시。목전대중국농전작물식피탄저량적고산잉존재교대적불학정성，획취적고산삼수상불충분，고산방법화모형유대완선，대작물식피탄저량변화적원/회효응상미취득통일인식。수연재농전생태계통중토양탄저량（밀도）보편대우작물식피탄저량（밀도），단작물식피탄저량잉연시일개수량가관、병유증가잠력화가능적탄고，기대소급갈간이용정황직접영향착토양탄고。인차，대농전작물식피탄저량응분시단화구역구체분석，재능인식기원/회효응。금후응재이하궤방면진일보가강작물식피탄저량적연구：진일보완선화개진고산방법；가강작물식피탄저량고산급고탄조시적구역개례연구，탐색불동공간척도작물식피탄저량적척도전환；개전작물탄저량동태급고탄궤리적종합연구。차외，환응취기후변화여작물식피탄저량적상호우합관계진행탐토。
Carbon storage in crops is an important component of global carbon stock in terrestrial ecosystems. Three methods are frequently used for estimating the carbon stock in crops of China: parametric evaluation, remote sensing inversion, and simulation modeling based on environmental parameters. Based on recent research into crop carbon storage estimations at the national to regional levels in last decades in China, specific parameters for estimating the carbon stock of several crops have been obtained. These parameters include the economic coefficient, carbon ratio and water ratio of the harvested parts of several crops. Both remote sensing inversion and simulation modeling methods have been explored. And some countermeasures for stabilizing and increasing carbon storage in crops have been suggested. These countermeasures include: stabilizing crop production through enhancing agrarian infrastructure, improving agricultural technology and management standards, developing eco-agriculture to increase crop productivity, adjusting cropping structure, expanding the sown areas of rice, rape and potato while maintaining current sown area of wheat, and increasing the efficiency of use of crop stalks. Uncertainty and inaccuracy are major challenges in crop carbon estimations of China, parameters used for estimations are still limited, and methods and models for carbon estimations need to be further improved. There is no consensus on the source-sink effects of the dynamic process of crop carbon storage. Although soil carbon storage (or density) in farmland is generally greater than crop vegetation carbon storage, the storage capacity of crop vegetation is tremendous and thus has great potential to become an increasingly important carbon sink. This potential and the efficiency of use of straw stalks directly impact on soil carbon stock. So analysis of crop carbon storage needs to focus on its tempo-spatial disparity to understand the source-sink effects of carbon dynamics. Future studies should address issues of: improved methods and models for carbon estimation; empirical evidence in estimating carbon storage and best practice in increasing carbon storage at the regional level; methods for scale transformation in carbon storage estimations of crop vegetation between different spatial scales; and integral research into the mechanisms for carbon concentrations and dynamics of crop vegetation. Studying the nexus between climate change and its impact on carbon storage in crops is also urgently needed.