CAJ | 학술논문

为解决磷石膏堆存造成的环境问题，实现其农业资源化利用。通过盆栽试验研究了施用昆明市3个产地磷石膏（上蒜乡、古城镇和草铺镇）对3个品种烤烟（红花大金元、NC297和MS云烟85）生长的影响。结果表明：磷石膏能有效促进烤烟生长，其中施用上蒜磷石膏的效果最好，上蒜磷石膏处理下红花大金元的株高显著高于NC297和MS云烟85，且地上部生物量显著高于 MS 云烟85；施用另外两种如古城和草埔磷石膏后，红花大金元在株高和地上部生物量也表现出不同程度的优势。此外，相对NC297和MS云烟85，施用磷石膏对红花大金元的促磷和抗砷作用更为明显，上蒜磷石膏处理下红花大金元地上部磷吸收量为43.10 mg·pot-1，显著高于NC297和MS云烟85；且施用上蒜磷石膏对红花大金元砷的污染风险较小，其植株地上部砷的质量分数为0.48 mg·kg-1，显著小于相同处理下NC297和MS云烟85，但烟株地上部砷含量最低的组合为古城磷石膏-NC297烤烟组合，其砷的质量分数为0.20 mg·kg-1。此外，施用磷石膏也显著增加了土壤中有效磷、硫含量，其中添加上蒜磷石膏能更大程度地提高土壤速效磷的含量，为不施用磷石膏（CK）的11~23倍；施用古城磷石膏后，种植NC297的土壤中有效硫增加最多，为CK的5~15倍。因此，除NC297和MS云烟85施用上蒜磷石膏组合存在一定砷污染风险外，磷石膏可以作为磷、硫肥安全地应用于烤烟生产。
위해결린석고퇴존조성적배경문제，실현기농업자원화이용。통과분재시험연구료시용곤명시3개산지린석고（상산향、고성진화초포진）대3개품충고연（홍화대금원、NC297화MS운연85）생장적영향。결과표명：린석고능유효촉진고연생장，기중시용상산린석고적효과최호，상산린석고처리하홍화대금원적주고현저고우NC297화MS운연85，차지상부생물량현저고우 MS 운연85；시용령외량충여고성화초포린석고후，홍화대금원재주고화지상부생물량야표현출불동정도적우세。차외，상대NC297화MS운연85，시용린석고대홍화대금원적촉린화항신작용경위명현，상산린석고처리하홍화대금원지상부린흡수량위43.10 mg·pot-1，현저고우NC297화MS운연85；차시용상산린석고대홍화대금원신적오염풍험교소，기식주지상부신적질량분수위0.48 mg·kg-1，현저소우상동처리하NC297화MS운연85，단연주지상부신함량최저적조합위고성린석고-NC297고연조합，기신적질량분수위0.20 mg·kg-1。차외，시용린석고야현저증가료토양중유효린、류함량，기중첨가상산린석고능경대정도지제고토양속효린적함량，위불시용린석고（CK）적11~23배；시용고성린석고후，충식NC297적토양중유효류증가최다，위CK적5~15배。인차，제NC297화MS운연85시용상산린석고조합존재일정신오염풍험외，린석고가이작위린、류비안전지응용우고연생산。
To reuse the phosphogypsum (PG) placed in open yards that easily loss and then cause environmental pollution, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the PGs (collected from three different sites: Shangsuan, Gucheng and Caopu Towns, Kunming city, China) application on 3 types of tobacco (Honghuadajinyuan, NC297 and MSYunyan85). The results showed that the use of PGs were effective in promoting the growth of these tobaccos. The growth of the tobaccos treated by the PG from Shangsuan Town (SS-PG) was the best. When these three tobaccos treated by SS-PG, the height of the tobacco (Honghuadajinyuan) was significantly higher than other two tobaccos (NC297 and MSYunyan85); the shoot biomass of Honghuadajinyuan was markedly higher than that of MS Yunyan85. Moreover, the plant height and shoot biomass of Honghuadajinyuan also increased rapidly after the application of other two PGs from Gucheng and Caopu Towns (GC-PG, CP-PG). Among these tobaccos, the application of PGs was more effective for phosphorus (P) uptake and arsenic (As) low-ingestion for Honghuadajinyuan, the P uptake content by the over ground Honghuadajinyuan in SS-PG treatment was 43.10 mg·pot-1, which was significantly higher than those in NC297 and MS Yunyan85 treatments. The result also showed that the application of SS-PG for the Honghuadajinyuan resulted in lower As concentration in tobacco shoots. The As concentration in the Honghuadajinyuan shoot was 0.48 mg·kg-1, which was significantly lower than those in the NC297 and MS Yunyan85 plants under the same PG treatments. The As concentration in the NC297 shoot treated by GC-PG was the lowest (0.20 mg·kg-1). The PGs addition also markedly increased the contents of available P and sulfur (S) in soil. The application of SS-PG could increase soil available P in most degree, resulting in that the available P content was 11-23 times of that in the CK. The available S in soil was significantly also increased after the NC297 was treated by GC-PG, resulting in that the available S content was 5-15 times of that in the CK. Overall, as a promising P and S fertilizer, PGs are recommended to use in tobacco (Honghuadajinyuan) planting.