生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
662-668
,共7页
矿区耕地%重金属污染%形态%基质改良%迁移
礦區耕地%重金屬汙染%形態%基質改良%遷移
광구경지%중금속오염%형태%기질개량%천이
arable soil in mining area%metals pollution%fraction%substrate amendments%migration
以广东省莲花山钨矿区耕地为研究点，研究土壤金属含量分布、形态特征及其调控措施。分析耕地土壤中Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As含量特征，以碱石灰、MnO2、Fe2O3和钙镁磷肥作为改良剂，对矿区污染耕地土壤进行改良，并种植萝卜Raphanus sativus，分析各改良剂对土壤金属形态及其在土壤-农作物界面迁移的影响。研究表明，矿区耕地土壤酸化， Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd和As超过土壤背景值，其中Cd和As污染严重，分别超过背景值的10.2~16.7倍和1.1~1.3倍。碱石灰有效降低耕地土壤pH值，降低土壤Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd可溶态含量，减少其在萝卜中积累。萝卜对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Ni累积量与其可溶态含量相关性显著，与总量相关性不显著。Fe2O3、MnO2、钙镁磷肥对耕地土壤Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn、Pb、Cd 生物有效性及其在农作物中累积量无显著影响。矿区耕地土壤分别添加碱石灰、Fe2O3、MnO2，土壤中砷松散结合态含量降低，农作物砷累积量减少。钙镁磷肥对土壤砷形态无显著影响，但能显著降低萝卜中砷的累积量。碱石灰分别与Fe2O3、MnO2、钙镁磷肥相结合改良耕地土壤，比单一改良剂更能有效降低萝卜中砷的累积量。萝卜中砷累积量与松散结合态存在显著正相关性，与Ca-As存在显著负相关性。碱石灰分别和Fe2O3、钙镁磷肥同时加入土壤，能同时地有效降低Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As的有效性，及其在农作物累积量，因此，这2种改良方式是莲花山矿区土壤金属固定的有效措施。
以廣東省蓮花山鎢礦區耕地為研究點，研究土壤金屬含量分佈、形態特徵及其調控措施。分析耕地土壤中Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As含量特徵，以堿石灰、MnO2、Fe2O3和鈣鎂燐肥作為改良劑，對礦區汙染耕地土壤進行改良，併種植蘿蔔Raphanus sativus，分析各改良劑對土壤金屬形態及其在土壤-農作物界麵遷移的影響。研究錶明，礦區耕地土壤痠化， Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd和As超過土壤揹景值，其中Cd和As汙染嚴重，分彆超過揹景值的10.2~16.7倍和1.1~1.3倍。堿石灰有效降低耕地土壤pH值，降低土壤Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd可溶態含量，減少其在蘿蔔中積纍。蘿蔔對Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Ni纍積量與其可溶態含量相關性顯著，與總量相關性不顯著。Fe2O3、MnO2、鈣鎂燐肥對耕地土壤Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn、Pb、Cd 生物有效性及其在農作物中纍積量無顯著影響。礦區耕地土壤分彆添加堿石灰、Fe2O3、MnO2，土壤中砷鬆散結閤態含量降低，農作物砷纍積量減少。鈣鎂燐肥對土壤砷形態無顯著影響，但能顯著降低蘿蔔中砷的纍積量。堿石灰分彆與Fe2O3、MnO2、鈣鎂燐肥相結閤改良耕地土壤，比單一改良劑更能有效降低蘿蔔中砷的纍積量。蘿蔔中砷纍積量與鬆散結閤態存在顯著正相關性，與Ca-As存在顯著負相關性。堿石灰分彆和Fe2O3、鈣鎂燐肥同時加入土壤，能同時地有效降低Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As的有效性，及其在農作物纍積量，因此，這2種改良方式是蓮花山礦區土壤金屬固定的有效措施。
이광동성연화산오광구경지위연구점，연구토양금속함량분포、형태특정급기조공조시。분석경지토양중Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As함량특정，이감석회、MnO2、Fe2O3화개미린비작위개량제，대광구오염경지토양진행개량，병충식라복Raphanus sativus，분석각개량제대토양금속형태급기재토양-농작물계면천이적영향。연구표명，광구경지토양산화， Zn、Mn、Pb、Cd화As초과토양배경치，기중Cd화As오염엄중，분별초과배경치적10.2~16.7배화1.1~1.3배。감석회유효강저경지토양pH치，강저토양Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd가용태함량，감소기재라복중적루。라복대Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Ni루적량여기가용태함량상관성현저，여총량상관성불현저。Fe2O3、MnO2、개미린비대경지토양Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn、Pb、Cd 생물유효성급기재농작물중루적량무현저영향。광구경지토양분별첨가감석회、Fe2O3、MnO2，토양중신송산결합태함량강저，농작물신루적량감소。개미린비대토양신형태무현저영향，단능현저강저라복중신적루적량。감석회분별여Fe2O3、MnO2、개미린비상결합개량경지토양，비단일개량제경능유효강저라복중신적루적량。라복중신루적량여송산결합태존재현저정상관성，여Ca-As존재현저부상관성。감석회분별화Fe2O3、개미린비동시가입토양，능동시지유효강저Zn、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd、As적유효성，급기재농작물루적량，인차，저2충개량방식시연화산광구토양금속고정적유효조시。
The study targeted the arable soils in Lianhuashan tungsten mine area in Guangdong Province and investigated metals pollution and regulation of metals in the arable soils. The arable soils in Lianhuashan tungsten mine area were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd and As. Soda lime, MnO2, Fe2O3 and calcium magnesium phosphate were applied to amend the metals-polluted arable soils in which was planted by radish. Effects of substrate amendments on metals fraction and migration in plant-soil system were also investigated. The results showed that the arable soils were polluted by Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd and As, especially Cd and As, which were 10.2~16.7 and 1.1~1.3 times more than background values, respectively. Soda lime decreased soluble Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cd contents, and their accumulations in the radish. Fraction of Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd in the arable soils and their accumulations in the radish were hardly affected by Fe2O3, MnO2 and calcium magnesium phosphate. Zn, Cu, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni accumulations in radish were significantly and positively correlated with their soluble contents, but were not significantly correlated with the total heavy metal contents. Applications of soda lime, MnO2 or Fe2O3 significantly decreased the concentrations of loosely sorbed arsenic and arsenic accumulation in radish. Calcium magnesium phosphate had little effect on arsenic fraction, but decreased arsenic accumulation in radish. In addition, application of soda lime with MnO2, Fe2O3 or calcium magnesium, respectively, reduced arsenic accumulation in radish more effectively than a single one. Arsenic accumulation in radish had significant positive correlation with loosely sorbed arsenic content and significant negative correlation with Ca-As content. Addition of soda lime with Fe2O3 or calcium magnesium, respectively, is effective amendments to decrease metals and arsenic accumulation in radish in the arable soils around Lianhuashan tungsten mine area.
