生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
657-661
,共5页
东江流域%土壤%多环芳烃%分布%健康风险评价
東江流域%土壤%多環芳烴%分佈%健康風險評價
동강류역%토양%다배방경%분포%건강풍험평개
Dongjiang River Basin%soils%polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons%distribution%human health risk
为了解东江流域农村土壤多环芳烃的分布特征与人类健康风险，采集了30个不同土地利用类型农村表层土壤样品，进行采用索氏抽提法，硅胶/氧化铝（2：1）层析柱分离纯化，最后加内标经气相色谱-质谱仪定量解析的方法测定16种多环芳烃的含量。同时，测定了土壤中不同形态有机质包括总有机碳（TOC）、非水解性有机碳（NHC）、黑碳（BC）以及无定形有机碳(AOC)的含量。结果表明，土壤多环芳烃质量分数在24~238μg·kg-1之间，平均质量分数为107±60μg·kg-1。在16种多环芳烃中，萘、菲、荧蒽和苯并（b）荧蒽的含量最高，占总多环芳烃含量的比重依次为16%、20%、10%和10%。土壤中多环芳烃含量与TOC、NHC以及BC均具有极显著的线性关系（p<0.01），三者斜率的大小顺序为BC>NHC>TOC（p<0.01），表明土壤有机碳中的非水解性有机碳和黑碳在控制土壤中多环芳烃的分布、积累中发挥着重要的作用。土壤中多环芳烃含量与AOC的相关性不显著（p=0.29）。另外，健康风险评价表明儿童暴露的增量终身致癌风险（ILCRs）在可接受的安全范围内（ILCRs <10-6），而成人暴露的增量终身致癌风险则相对较高（10-6<ILCRs<10-5）。儿童通过3种途径暴露的增量终身致癌风险大小顺序依此为：误食土壤>皮肤接触>呼吸；而成人则为：皮肤接触>误食土壤>呼吸。
為瞭解東江流域農村土壤多環芳烴的分佈特徵與人類健康風險，採集瞭30箇不同土地利用類型農村錶層土壤樣品，進行採用索氏抽提法，硅膠/氧化鋁（2：1）層析柱分離純化，最後加內標經氣相色譜-質譜儀定量解析的方法測定16種多環芳烴的含量。同時，測定瞭土壤中不同形態有機質包括總有機碳（TOC）、非水解性有機碳（NHC）、黑碳（BC）以及無定形有機碳(AOC)的含量。結果錶明，土壤多環芳烴質量分數在24~238μg·kg-1之間，平均質量分數為107±60μg·kg-1。在16種多環芳烴中，萘、菲、熒蒽和苯併（b）熒蒽的含量最高，佔總多環芳烴含量的比重依次為16%、20%、10%和10%。土壤中多環芳烴含量與TOC、NHC以及BC均具有極顯著的線性關繫（p<0.01），三者斜率的大小順序為BC>NHC>TOC（p<0.01），錶明土壤有機碳中的非水解性有機碳和黑碳在控製土壤中多環芳烴的分佈、積纍中髮揮著重要的作用。土壤中多環芳烴含量與AOC的相關性不顯著（p=0.29）。另外，健康風險評價錶明兒童暴露的增量終身緻癌風險（ILCRs）在可接受的安全範圍內（ILCRs <10-6），而成人暴露的增量終身緻癌風險則相對較高（10-6<ILCRs<10-5）。兒童通過3種途徑暴露的增量終身緻癌風險大小順序依此為：誤食土壤>皮膚接觸>呼吸；而成人則為：皮膚接觸>誤食土壤>呼吸。
위료해동강류역농촌토양다배방경적분포특정여인류건강풍험，채집료30개불동토지이용류형농촌표층토양양품，진행채용색씨추제법，규효/양화려（2：1）층석주분리순화，최후가내표경기상색보-질보의정량해석적방법측정16충다배방경적함량。동시，측정료토양중불동형태유궤질포괄총유궤탄（TOC）、비수해성유궤탄（NHC）、흑탄（BC）이급무정형유궤탄(AOC)적함량。결과표명，토양다배방경질량분수재24~238μg·kg-1지간，평균질량분수위107±60μg·kg-1。재16충다배방경중，내、비、형은화분병（b）형은적함량최고，점총다배방경함량적비중의차위16%、20%、10%화10%。토양중다배방경함량여TOC、NHC이급BC균구유겁현저적선성관계（p<0.01），삼자사솔적대소순서위BC>NHC>TOC（p<0.01），표명토양유궤탄중적비수해성유궤탄화흑탄재공제토양중다배방경적분포、적루중발휘착중요적작용。토양중다배방경함량여AOC적상관성불현저（p=0.29）。령외，건강풍험평개표명인동폭로적증량종신치암풍험（ILCRs）재가접수적안전범위내（ILCRs <10-6），이성인폭로적증량종신치암풍험칙상대교고（10-6<ILCRs<10-5）。인동통과3충도경폭로적증량종신치암풍험대소순서의차위：오식토양>피부접촉>호흡；이성인칙위：피부접촉>오식토양>호흡。
In order to investigate the distribution and human health risks of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Dongjiang River Basin (DRB), thirty rural surface soil samples with different land use types were collected. 16 USEPA priority PAHs were measured. PAHs were Soxhlet extracted, purified by silica/alumina (2:1) column, and finally determined by GC-MS with the addition of the internal standards. In addition, different organic matter including total organinc carbon (TOC), nonhydrolyzable organic carbon (NHC), black carbon (BC) and amorphous organic carbon (AOC) in the soils were also quantified. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 24μg·kg-1 to 238μg·kg-1 with an average value of 107±60μg·kg-1. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoracene were dominated, accounting for 16%, 20%, 10% and 10%, respectively. PAHs were highly significantly correlated with TOC, NHC, and BC (p<0.01), but not significantly correlated with AOC (p=0.29). Moreover, their slopes differed significantly (p<0.01) with an order: TOC (9.56) < NHC (14.34) < BC (249.7). Therefore, it was indicated that the NHC fractions and the BC fractions played a more important role to the distribution of the PAHs in the soils. In addition, the human health risk assessment suggested that the cancer risk of child for exposure to PAHs in the soils were much lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk. But the cancer risks of adult were close to or slightly higher than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10-6<ILCRs<10-5). The cumulative probability of cancer risks for both child through three exposure pathways were in the order: ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation, but for adult: dermal contact>ingestion>inhalation.
