CAJ | 학술논문

为了解珠江三角洲主要养殖环境中重金属含量及潜在生态危害程度，用电感藕合等离子质谱法和原子荧光法测定了肇庆、广州、惠州和茂名4市14个样点沉积物中7种元素的水体及底泥总量，并对底泥中主要重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：养殖鱼塘水体中Cr质量浓度范围是nd～0.1011 mg·L-1，超标率为7.1%，Cu质量浓度范围为nd～0.1438 mg·L-1，超标率为64.3%，As质量浓度范围是0.0112～0.0812 mg·L-1，超标率为24.1%，Hg质量浓度范围是0.00004～0.00458 mg·L-1，超标率为35.7%，Pb质量浓度范围为nd～0.0973 mg·L-1，超标率为6.8%，其余Ni、Zn和Cd质量浓度范围分别为nd～0.0218、nd～0.0232和nd～0.00319 mg·L-1，均未超渔业水质标准；底泥中重金属元素Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd和Pb的平均值分别为83.86、46.19、242.16、32.38、0.64、1.00和60.06 mg·kg-1，地积累指数评价结果显示，表层沉积物重金属污染程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr，其中，Cd污染程度为中～强，是底泥污染最严重的元素。潜在生态风险指数分析，单项潜在生态风险指数生态风险均值排列顺序为 Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Cr。对区域综合潜在生态风险指数RI的贡献率最大的元素为Hg、As和Cd。4个市底泥潜在生态风险综合指数(RI)比较，惠州（290.13）＞广州（240.54）＞茂名（193.23）＞肇庆（116.40）。Hg和Cd是该水域污染和潜在生态风险最大的元素。
위료해주강삼각주주요양식배경중중금속함량급잠재생태위해정도，용전감우합등리자질보법화원자형광법측정료조경、엄주、혜주화무명4시14개양점침적물중7충원소적수체급저니총량，병대저니중주요중금속오염상황급잠재생태풍험진행료평개。결과표명：양식어당수체중Cr질량농도범위시nd～0.1011 mg·L-1，초표솔위7.1%，Cu질량농도범위위nd～0.1438 mg·L-1，초표솔위64.3%，As질량농도범위시0.0112～0.0812 mg·L-1，초표솔위24.1%，Hg질량농도범위시0.00004～0.00458 mg·L-1，초표솔위35.7%，Pb질량농도범위위nd～0.0973 mg·L-1，초표솔위6.8%，기여Ni、Zn화Cd질량농도범위분별위nd～0.0218、nd～0.0232화nd～0.00319 mg·L-1，균미초어업수질표준；저니중중금속원소Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Cd화Pb적평균치분별위83.86、46.19、242.16、32.38、0.64、1.00화60.06 mg·kg-1，지적루지수평개결과현시，표층침적물중금속오염정도순서위Cd＞Hg＞Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr，기중，Cd오염정도위중～강，시저니오염최엄중적원소。잠재생태풍험지수분석，단항잠재생태풍험지수생태풍험균치배렬순서위 Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Cr。대구역종합잠재생태풍험지수RI적공헌솔최대적원소위Hg、As화Cd。4개시저니잠재생태풍험종합지수(RI)비교，혜주（290.13）＞엄주（240.54）＞무명（193.23）＞조경（116.40）。Hg화Cd시해수역오염화잠재생태풍험최대적원소。
In order to investigated the metals concentrations and their potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water and surface sediments from freshwater fish pond of Pearl River Delta, 14 sampling sites were collected from four cities such as Guangzhou, Zhaoqing, Huizhou and Maoming. Total contents of Cr,Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd and Pb in these samples were measured by (ICP-MS) and Atomic Fluroresence spectrometry (AFS) and using the Index of Geoaccumulation and the Potential Ecological Risk Index evaluate the pollution degree of many heavy metals in the sediments. Results indicated that the exceed standard rates of Cr, Cu, As Hg and Pb in water were 7.1%, 64.3%, 24.1%, 35.7% and 6.8% respectively and Ni, Zn, Cd were not exceed the standard of fishery water quality of china, the average concentration of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd and Pb in sediments of fish pond were 83.86, 46.19, 242.16, 32.38, 0.64, 1.00 and 60.06 mg·kg-1 respectively. The descending order of pollution degree of various metals is: Cd >Hg>Zn >Pb >As> Cu>Cr,while the single potential ecological risk followed the order: Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Cu> Zn >Cr, comparing with potential ecological risk index of four cities ranked in the order of Huizhou (290.13), Guangzhou(240.54), Maoming(193.23) and Zhaoqing(116.40), The pollution extent and potential ecological risk of Cd and Hg were the most serious among all heavy metals.