CAJ | 학술논문

依据2007-2009年春、夏季在长江口及邻近海域（包括长江口、杭州湾和舟山渔场）的调查监测资料，采用富营养指数法、潜在性富营养化法和有机污染指数法对该海域的富营养化状况、时空分布特征及与环境因子的关系进行了分析评价。富营养指数法计算结果表明：富营养化覆盖比例很高，达到70%以上；在春季，该海域的富营养化程度呈现上升趋势，所占比例从2007年的77.0%上升到2009年的89.8%，在夏季最低达到89.3%，最高到100.0%。3年来，富营养化在春、夏2季基本上处于逐年增加趋势，富营养化趋势越来越明显。在春季富营养指数平面分布呈由近岸向远海逐渐递减的趋势，梯度分布明显，其中，杭州湾富营养化情况较严重；夏季其平面分布与春季类似，但长江口和杭州湾两个水域的富营养指数的等值线都比较密集，夏季的富营养化情况较为严重。潜在性富营养化法计算结果表明：该海域富营养级主要集中在III级（富营养）和V P级（磷中等限制潜在性富营养）；春、夏2季时，长江口V P级所占比例均从0.0%增加到66.7%，受磷限制性富营养化程度越来越高。另外，营养盐结构显示，N/P比值从9.1到50.9，营养盐比例明显不平衡，势必影响浮游生物的生长。有机污染指数法计算结果表明：该海域有机污染指数主要处于5级（重污染），水质污染严重；长江口春、夏2季5级的比例均从50.0%分别上升到83.3%和100.0%，杭州湾分别从60.0%和80.0%均上升到100.0%；舟山渔场分别从22.2%和66.7上升到66.7%和77.7%，说明受污染程度逐年上升。另外，3年来春、夏2季长江口有机污染指数达5级的占50%以上，杭州湾60%以上，舟山渔场20%以上，杭州湾受污染情况最为严重，其次是长江口，舟山渔场最小。在春、夏2季有机污染平面分布表现为污染程度从西向东、从北向南逐渐降低。富营养指数和有机污染指数与盐度、溶解氧、pH均不呈线性相关。调查海域富营养化水平的时空变化主要是由于沿岸入海河流，浮游植物等所引起。依據2007-2009年春、夏季在長江口及鄰近海域（包括長江口、杭州灣和舟山漁場）的調查鑑測資料，採用富營養指數法、潛在性富營養化法和有機汙染指數法對該海域的富營養化狀況、時空分佈特徵及與環境因子的關繫進行瞭分析評價。富營養指數法計算結果錶明：富營養化覆蓋比例很高，達到70%以上；在春季，該海域的富營養化程度呈現上升趨勢，所佔比例從2007年的77.0%上升到2009年的89.8%，在夏季最低達到89.3%，最高到100.0%。3年來，富營養化在春、夏2季基本上處于逐年增加趨勢，富營養化趨勢越來越明顯。在春季富營養指數平麵分佈呈由近岸嚮遠海逐漸遞減的趨勢，梯度分佈明顯，其中，杭州灣富營養化情況較嚴重；夏季其平麵分佈與春季類似，但長江口和杭州灣兩箇水域的富營養指數的等值線都比較密集，夏季的富營養化情況較為嚴重。潛在性富營養化法計算結果錶明：該海域富營養級主要集中在III級（富營養）和V P級（燐中等限製潛在性富營養）；春、夏2季時，長江口V P級所佔比例均從0.0%增加到66.7%，受燐限製性富營養化程度越來越高。另外，營養鹽結構顯示，N/P比值從9.1到50.9，營養鹽比例明顯不平衡，勢必影響浮遊生物的生長。有機汙染指數法計算結果錶明：該海域有機汙染指數主要處于5級（重汙染），水質汙染嚴重；長江口春、夏2季5級的比例均從50.0%分彆上升到83.3%和100.0%，杭州灣分彆從60.0%和80.0%均上升到100.0%；舟山漁場分彆從22.2%和66.7上升到66.7%和77.7%，說明受汙染程度逐年上升。另外，3年來春、夏2季長江口有機汙染指數達5級的佔50%以上，杭州灣60%以上，舟山漁場20%以上，杭州灣受汙染情況最為嚴重，其次是長江口，舟山漁場最小。在春、夏2季有機汙染平麵分佈錶現為汙染程度從西嚮東、從北嚮南逐漸降低。富營養指數和有機汙染指數與鹽度、溶解氧、pH均不呈線性相關。調查海域富營養化水平的時空變化主要是由于沿岸入海河流，浮遊植物等所引起。
의거2007-2009년춘、하계재장강구급린근해역（포괄장강구、항주만화주산어장）적조사감측자료，채용부영양지수법、잠재성부영양화법화유궤오염지수법대해해역적부영양화상황、시공분포특정급여배경인자적관계진행료분석평개。부영양지수법계산결과표명：부영양화복개비례흔고，체도70%이상；재춘계，해해역적부영양화정도정현상승추세，소점비례종2007년적77.0%상승도2009년적89.8%，재하계최저체도89.3%，최고도100.0%。3년래，부영양화재춘、하2계기본상처우축년증가추세，부영양화추세월래월명현。재춘계부영양지수평면분포정유근안향원해축점체감적추세，제도분포명현，기중，항주만부영양화정황교엄중；하계기평면분포여춘계유사，단장강구화항주만량개수역적부영양지수적등치선도비교밀집，하계적부영양화정황교위엄중。잠재성부영양화법계산결과표명：해해역부영양급주요집중재III급（부영양）화V P급（린중등한제잠재성부영양）；춘、하2계시，장강구V P급소점비례균종0.0%증가도66.7%，수린한제성부영양화정도월래월고。령외，영양염결구현시，N/P비치종9.1도50.9，영양염비례명현불평형，세필영향부유생물적생장。유궤오염지수법계산결과표명：해해역유궤오염지수주요처우5급（중오염），수질오염엄중；장강구춘、하2계5급적비례균종50.0%분별상승도83.3%화100.0%，항주만분별종60.0%화80.0%균상승도100.0%；주산어장분별종22.2%화66.7상승도66.7%화77.7%，설명수오염정도축년상승。령외，3년래춘、하2계장강구유궤오염지수체5급적점50%이상，항주만60%이상，주산어장20%이상，항주만수오염정황최위엄중，기차시장강구，주산어장최소。재춘、하2계유궤오염평면분포표현위오염정도종서향동、종북향남축점강저。부영양지수화유궤오염지수여염도、용해양、pH균불정선성상관。조사해역부영양화수평적시공변화주요시유우연안입해하류，부유식물등소인기。
Eutrophication has become an overwhelming phenomenon and an increase in nutrient concentration, noxious algal blooms or hypoxia in near-bottom waters have been of more frequent occurrence in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and in the adjacent East China Sea. In spring and summer 2007-2009, six comprehensive investigations were undertaken in three zones (including Changjiang Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan fishing ground) in the estuary and in the adjacent sea. The eutrophication index, potential eutrophication and organic pollution index were used to present the eutrophication status. The results indicated that more than 70.0% of the waters were in an eutrophication state. Eutrophication status of the studied area showed an increase trend over the period from 2007 to 2009. The percentage of waters in eutrophication state was 77.7% in spring of 2007, and, has increased to 89.3% in spring of 2009. The percentage of waters in eutrophication state ranges from 89.3% to 100% in summer. Spatially, eutrophication index clearly decreased from the alongshore to the open sea. The Hangzhou bay was the most serious polluted sea in spring. The isolines of eutrophication index were dense both in Changjiang estuary and Hangzhou bay in summer, thus the eutrophication status was more serious in summer than those in spring. Based on potential eutrophication analysis, the eutrophication levels of the studied area mainly centralized on level III (eutrophication) and level VP (moderate P-limited potential eutrophication). In spring and summer, the percentage of area with level VP increased from 0.0% to 66.7%, which indicated the P-limited eutrophication level was more serious in summer. In addition, N/P ration has increased consistently from 9.1 to 50.9, which could affect the structure and growth of marine phytoplankton. In addition, the waters of the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea were in a serious pollution (main level five) state, according to organic pollution index. The percentage of waters in a serious pollution state was 50.0% in the Changjiang estuary in 2007, and has increased to 83.3% and 100.0% in 2009; and has increased from 60.0% and 80.0% to 100.0% in the Hangzhou bay, increased from 22.2% and 66.7% to 66.7% and 77.7% in the Zhoushan fishing ground, which indicated that the pollution level has increased gradually. Otherwise, more than 50% of the waters in the Changjiang estuary were belonging to the organic pollution index of level five, in the Hangzhou bay, 20% in the Zhoushan fishing ground. Thus, the organic pollution was most serious in the Hangzhou bay, moderate serious in Changjiang estuary, and least in the Zhoushan fishing ground. Spatially, the organic pollution index gradually decreased from west to east, from north to south. No significant correlations were observed between the eutrophication index, organic pollution index and the water salinity, dissolved oxygen, or pH. The spatio-temporal distribution of the eutrophication in the studied area was mainly influenced by the runoff and phytoplankton.