生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
4期
603-609
,共7页
曾庆昌%缪绅裕%唐志信%邓冬梅%李春波%黄福长
曾慶昌%繆紳裕%唐誌信%鄧鼕梅%李春波%黃福長
증경창%무신유%당지신%산동매%리춘파%황복장
香果树%种群%径级结构%高度结构%群落%生境%生理生态%田心自然保护区
香果樹%種群%徑級結構%高度結構%群落%生境%生理生態%田心自然保護區
향과수%충군%경급결구%고도결구%군락%생경%생리생태%전심자연보호구
Emmenopterys henryi%population%basal diameter size class%height class structure%community%habitat%eco-physiology%Tianxin Nature Reserves
香果树是中国特有的茜草科的单种属植物，1993年被列入国家重点保护植物名录(Ⅱ级)。论文首次报道了广东境内的香果树Emmenopterys henryi最大种群及其群落的基本情况，以期为深入了解该保护植物的生态适应性、种群的生存和发展提供基础资料。2013年采用美国Onset公司产HOBO-U23-002温度-湿度记录仪对广东连州田心梅树冲的香果树种群所处生境进行了为期1年的监测；测定了土壤的理化特性、叶面和旷地的光照强度、香果树群落的物种组成、香果树种群的基径径级结构与高度结构，以及叶片的某些生理生态特性。结果表明，连州田心梅树冲是香果树的适宜生长地，生境的年均气温17.315℃，年均大气相对湿度84.316%；土壤pH5.64，有机质含量1.95%（大于林外旷地的0.50%）；叶面光照强度小于旷地的12%。香果树叶片SPAD值约为40，净光合速率为2.16~12.92μmol·m-2·s-1(以CO2计)，蒸腾速率0.29~0.62 mmol·m-2·s-1(以H2O计)。群落中有维管植物33种，其中乔木层17种，以壳斗科的4种为最多，樟科3种次之；除香果树外，群落优势种为灯台树Bothrocaryum controversum、西川朴Celtis vandervoetiana、野黄桂Cinnamomum jensenianum和金叶含笑Michelia foveolata等。连州田心梅树冲的香果树种群共有97个个体，其中Ⅰ级幼苗11株（占11.34%），Ⅱ级幼苗76株（占78.35%），小树9株（占9.28%），中树0株，大树1株（1.03%）；高度为0.20~2.03 m的个体数77株，占总数的79.38%。径级结构和高度结构均表明，种群目前虽暂时处于增长阶段，但因受2008年南岭地区的冰灾影响，能产生果实的大树严重受损，缺失中树阶段的个体，且Ⅰ级幼苗数量少于Ⅱ级幼苗，该种群将在一定时期后因无法更新而进入衰退阶段，为此应加强香果树的就地和迁地保护、科学研究和宣传教育。
香果樹是中國特有的茜草科的單種屬植物，1993年被列入國傢重點保護植物名錄(Ⅱ級)。論文首次報道瞭廣東境內的香果樹Emmenopterys henryi最大種群及其群落的基本情況，以期為深入瞭解該保護植物的生態適應性、種群的生存和髮展提供基礎資料。2013年採用美國Onset公司產HOBO-U23-002溫度-濕度記錄儀對廣東連州田心梅樹遲的香果樹種群所處生境進行瞭為期1年的鑑測；測定瞭土壤的理化特性、葉麵和曠地的光照彊度、香果樹群落的物種組成、香果樹種群的基徑徑級結構與高度結構，以及葉片的某些生理生態特性。結果錶明，連州田心梅樹遲是香果樹的適宜生長地，生境的年均氣溫17.315℃，年均大氣相對濕度84.316%；土壤pH5.64，有機質含量1.95%（大于林外曠地的0.50%）；葉麵光照彊度小于曠地的12%。香果樹葉片SPAD值約為40，淨光閤速率為2.16~12.92μmol·m-2·s-1(以CO2計)，蒸騰速率0.29~0.62 mmol·m-2·s-1(以H2O計)。群落中有維管植物33種，其中喬木層17種，以殼鬥科的4種為最多，樟科3種次之；除香果樹外，群落優勢種為燈檯樹Bothrocaryum controversum、西川樸Celtis vandervoetiana、野黃桂Cinnamomum jensenianum和金葉含笑Michelia foveolata等。連州田心梅樹遲的香果樹種群共有97箇箇體，其中Ⅰ級幼苗11株（佔11.34%），Ⅱ級幼苗76株（佔78.35%），小樹9株（佔9.28%），中樹0株，大樹1株（1.03%）；高度為0.20~2.03 m的箇體數77株，佔總數的79.38%。徑級結構和高度結構均錶明，種群目前雖暫時處于增長階段，但因受2008年南嶺地區的冰災影響，能產生果實的大樹嚴重受損，缺失中樹階段的箇體，且Ⅰ級幼苗數量少于Ⅱ級幼苗，該種群將在一定時期後因無法更新而進入衰退階段，為此應加彊香果樹的就地和遷地保護、科學研究和宣傳教育。
향과수시중국특유적천초과적단충속식물，1993년피렬입국가중점보호식물명록(Ⅱ급)。논문수차보도료엄동경내적향과수Emmenopterys henryi최대충군급기군락적기본정황，이기위심입료해해보호식물적생태괄응성、충군적생존화발전제공기출자료。2013년채용미국Onset공사산HOBO-U23-002온도-습도기록의대엄동련주전심매수충적향과수충군소처생경진행료위기1년적감측；측정료토양적이화특성、협면화광지적광조강도、향과수군락적물충조성、향과수충군적기경경급결구여고도결구，이급협편적모사생리생태특성。결과표명，련주전심매수충시향과수적괄의생장지，생경적년균기온17.315℃，년균대기상대습도84.316%；토양pH5.64，유궤질함량1.95%（대우림외광지적0.50%）；협면광조강도소우광지적12%。향과수협편SPAD치약위40，정광합속솔위2.16~12.92μmol·m-2·s-1(이CO2계)，증등속솔0.29~0.62 mmol·m-2·s-1(이H2O계)。군락중유유관식물33충，기중교목층17충，이각두과적4충위최다，장과3충차지；제향과수외，군락우세충위등태수Bothrocaryum controversum、서천박Celtis vandervoetiana、야황계Cinnamomum jensenianum화금협함소Michelia foveolata등。련주전심매수충적향과수충군공유97개개체，기중Ⅰ급유묘11주（점11.34%），Ⅱ급유묘76주（점78.35%），소수9주（점9.28%），중수0주，대수1주（1.03%）；고도위0.20~2.03 m적개체수77주，점총수적79.38%。경급결구화고도결구균표명，충군목전수잠시처우증장계단，단인수2008년남령지구적빙재영향，능산생과실적대수엄중수손，결실중수계단적개체，차Ⅰ급유묘수량소우Ⅱ급유묘，해충군장재일정시기후인무법경신이진입쇠퇴계단，위차응가강향과수적취지화천지보호、과학연구화선전교육。
Emmenopterys henryiis a monotypic genus in the Rubiaceae family which is a national grade II key protected tree species in China. The basic characteristics of the largest population ofE. henryiin Guangdong province including community structure are reported in this paper. To provide basic data and information of ecological adaption, for protecting and enhancing theE. henryi population, the habitat characteristics were also analyzed. Using an automatic sensors of Onset HOBO-U23-002 mini-weather station, the air temperature, relative humidity were monitored for one year (during 2013) at Meishuchong village, Tianxin Nature Reserves, Lianzhou city, in Guangdong province located in areas whereE. henryi grows. Soil physic-chemical characteristics, light intensity (on plant leaf and open areas outside of the forest), species composition of the community, population characteristics of basal diameter size and height class structure, and eco-physiological indexes ofE. henryi leaf were measured. Results showed that Meishuchong village is a suitable field site for growing E. henryi. The mean annual air temperature was 17.315℃, and the mean annual air relative humidity was 84.316% at the field site. Soil pH was 5.64 with an organic matter content of 1.95% which was higher than that of 0.50% of open areas outside the forest. The light intensity on the leaves was 12% which was less than that of open area outside of the forest. The leaf SPAD values was around 40, and the leaf net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate ofE. henryi was 2.16 to 12.92μmol·m-2·s-1(calculated by CO2) and 0.29 to 0.62 mmol·m-2·s-1 (calculated by H2O), respectively. There were 33 vascular plant species in the community. Among the group, 17 tree species were arbor, in which the largest family was Fagaceae with four species, the second most abundant family was Lauraceae with three species. Except forE. henryi, the dominant tree species of the community wereBothrocaryum controversum,Celtis vandervoetiana,Cinnamomum jensenianum, andMichelia foveolata, et al.The population ofEmmenopterys henryi at Meishuchong village, Tianxin, Lianzhou city had 97 individuals. Among them, there were 11 individuals of seedling of grade I (about 11.34% of the total numbers), 76 individuals of seedling of grade II (about 78.35%), and 9 individuals were saplings (about 9.28%). No midsize trees were found in the population, and only one individual of large tree (about 1.03%) was found. For height structure, 77 individuals with basal diameters of 0.20 to 2.03 m, which represented the percentage was about 79.38% of the total population of (97 individuals). Analysis of basal diameter size class structure and height class structure suggest that the population shows only a short term increase in population, with little future generation, and changes to a decrease in population because of the icy disaster in early 2008 in the Nanling Mount region. Large tree which produce fruit was seriously damaged and there is a lack of midsize trees. The individual number of seedling stage I was larger than that of stage II. Ex-situ and in-site conservation measures for maintaining tree production should be taken for preservingE. henryi. Research, including public education should also be strengthened.
