CAJ | 학술논문

小流域尺度的土壤可蚀性 K 值空间分异特征及其与土地利用、植被类型、土壤理化性质等相关关系的研究，可以为小流域土壤侵蚀定量研究及综合治理决策提供科学依据。以云南省抚仙湖库区尖山河小流域为研究区，在大密度土壤采样和土壤理化性质测试分析的基础上，采用EPIC模型K值计算方法、地统计学方法和Kriging空间插值方法，计算分析了尖山河小流域土壤可蚀性K值的空间变异特征及土地利用/植被覆盖对K值的影响作用。结果表明，（1）研究区K值变化范围为0.1628~0.3836，均值为0.2824，中值为0.2885，均值与中值相近似，表明K值分布较均匀；变异系数为17.98%， K值存在中等程度的空间变异性。（2）不同土壤质地类型的K值存在一定差异，研究区主要土壤质地类型K值从大到小依次为粉壤>壤土>粘壤>砂壤。（3）研究区以中可侵蚀性（0.25~0.30）、中高可侵蚀性（0.30~0.35）和中低可侵蚀性（0.20~0.25）土壤为主，面积分别为1797.88 hm2、1185.51 hm2和542.32 hm2，分别占小流域总面积的50.76%、33.47%和15.31%，而高可侵蚀性（>0.35）土壤和较低可侵蚀性（0.15~0.20）土壤分布面积较少，无低可侵蚀性（<0.15）土壤；在空间分布上，北部高山区土壤具有中低可侵蚀性，中、南部的低海拔区土壤具有中高可侵蚀性，中、南部其余区域土壤具有中可侵蚀性，这种空间分布与海拔存在较强的相关关系。（4）土地利用/植被覆盖对K值具有明显的影响作用，研究区主要土地利用/植被覆盖类型 K 值从小到大依次为林地<灌草地<荒草地<旱平地<园地<旱坡地<水田，需频繁松土、除草、耕作和扰动的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（园地、旱坡地、旱平地和水田）其K值较大，而无需耕作、扰动小的土地利用/植被覆盖类型（林地、荒草地和灌草地）其K值较小，这表明K值的大小与土地利用/植被覆盖类型及松土、除草、耕作等农业生产活动频次和扰动程度存在明显相关性。小流域呎度的土壤可蝕性 K 值空間分異特徵及其與土地利用、植被類型、土壤理化性質等相關關繫的研究，可以為小流域土壤侵蝕定量研究及綜閤治理決策提供科學依據。以雲南省撫仙湖庫區尖山河小流域為研究區，在大密度土壤採樣和土壤理化性質測試分析的基礎上，採用EPIC模型K值計算方法、地統計學方法和Kriging空間插值方法，計算分析瞭尖山河小流域土壤可蝕性K值的空間變異特徵及土地利用/植被覆蓋對K值的影響作用。結果錶明，（1）研究區K值變化範圍為0.1628~0.3836，均值為0.2824，中值為0.2885，均值與中值相近似，錶明K值分佈較均勻；變異繫數為17.98%， K值存在中等程度的空間變異性。（2）不同土壤質地類型的K值存在一定差異，研究區主要土壤質地類型K值從大到小依次為粉壤>壤土>粘壤>砂壤。（3）研究區以中可侵蝕性（0.25~0.30）、中高可侵蝕性（0.30~0.35）和中低可侵蝕性（0.20~0.25）土壤為主，麵積分彆為1797.88 hm2、1185.51 hm2和542.32 hm2，分彆佔小流域總麵積的50.76%、33.47%和15.31%，而高可侵蝕性（>0.35）土壤和較低可侵蝕性（0.15~0.20）土壤分佈麵積較少，無低可侵蝕性（<0.15）土壤；在空間分佈上，北部高山區土壤具有中低可侵蝕性，中、南部的低海拔區土壤具有中高可侵蝕性，中、南部其餘區域土壤具有中可侵蝕性，這種空間分佈與海拔存在較彊的相關關繫。（4）土地利用/植被覆蓋對K值具有明顯的影響作用，研究區主要土地利用/植被覆蓋類型 K 值從小到大依次為林地<灌草地<荒草地<旱平地<園地<旱坡地<水田，需頻繁鬆土、除草、耕作和擾動的土地利用/植被覆蓋類型（園地、旱坡地、旱平地和水田）其K值較大，而無需耕作、擾動小的土地利用/植被覆蓋類型（林地、荒草地和灌草地）其K值較小，這錶明K值的大小與土地利用/植被覆蓋類型及鬆土、除草、耕作等農業生產活動頻次和擾動程度存在明顯相關性。
소류역척도적토양가식성 K 치공간분이특정급기여토지이용、식피류형、토양이화성질등상관관계적연구，가이위소류역토양침식정량연구급종합치리결책제공과학의거。이운남성무선호고구첨산하소류역위연구구，재대밀도토양채양화토양이화성질측시분석적기출상，채용EPIC모형K치계산방법、지통계학방법화Kriging공간삽치방법，계산분석료첨산하소류역토양가식성K치적공간변이특정급토지이용/식피복개대K치적영향작용。결과표명，（1）연구구K치변화범위위0.1628~0.3836，균치위0.2824，중치위0.2885，균치여중치상근사，표명K치분포교균균；변이계수위17.98%， K치존재중등정도적공간변이성。（2）불동토양질지류형적K치존재일정차이，연구구주요토양질지류형K치종대도소의차위분양>양토>점양>사양。（3）연구구이중가침식성（0.25~0.30）、중고가침식성（0.30~0.35）화중저가침식성（0.20~0.25）토양위주，면적분별위1797.88 hm2、1185.51 hm2화542.32 hm2，분별점소류역총면적적50.76%、33.47%화15.31%，이고가침식성（>0.35）토양화교저가침식성（0.15~0.20）토양분포면적교소，무저가침식성（<0.15）토양；재공간분포상，북부고산구토양구유중저가침식성，중、남부적저해발구토양구유중고가침식성，중、남부기여구역토양구유중가침식성，저충공간분포여해발존재교강적상관관계。（4）토지이용/식피복개대K치구유명현적영향작용，연구구주요토지이용/식피복개류형 K 치종소도대의차위임지<관초지<황초지<한평지<완지<한파지<수전，수빈번송토、제초、경작화우동적토지이용/식피복개류형（완지、한파지、한평지화수전）기K치교대，이무수경작、우동소적토지이용/식피복개류형（임지、황초지화관초지）기K치교소，저표명K치적대소여토지이용/식피복개류형급송토、제초、경작등농업생산활동빈차화우동정도존재명현상관성。
The spatial variability of soil erodibility (K-factor) in small watershed scale and the correlation between K-factor and land use, vegetation type, soil physical and chemical properties were the scientific basis of quantitative soil erosion research and small watershed comprehensive management. Based on testing to physical and chemical properties of 66 soil samples, in which K value was calculated by EPIC model and the spatial map of K-factor was obtained by geostatistical and kriging spatial interpolating methods, the spatial variability of soil erodibility (K-factor) and the influence of land use and vegetation cover to K value in the watershed of Jianshan river in the catchment of Fuxian lake in Yunnan province were studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) The distribution of K value in the studied area was even, with the range of K value from 0.1628 to 0.3836, the mean of 0.2824, and the median of 0.2885, the mean was very close to the median, and the spatial variability of K value was moderate difference, with the variance coefficient of 17.98%; (2) The K value of different soil texture was different at a certain degree, and the order from big to small of K value of main soil texture in the studied area was respectively silty loam, loam, clay loam, and sandy loam. (3) The main soil erodibility levels in the studied area were middle (with K value between 0.25~0.30), higher-middle (0.30~0.35) and lower-middle (0.20~0.25), their area were respectively 1797.88 hm2, 1185.51 hm2 and 542.32 hm2, which were account for 50.76%, 33.47% and 15.31% of the total area of the studied small watershed, and the areas of high erodibility (>0.35) soil and relatively low erodibility (0.15~0.20) soil were very small, and there had not low erodibility (<0.15) soil; And in the respect of spatial distribution, soil erodibility level was lower-middle in northern high mountain area of the small watershed, higher-middle in the lower elevation area of southern and central area, middle in the other area of southern and central area, and the spatial distribution of K value in the studied area had strong correlation with altitude. (4) The influence of land use and vegetation coverage to K value was obvious, and the order from small to big of K value of main land use and vegetation coverage in the studied area was respectively forest land, scrub-grassland, grassland, nonirrigated terrace land, garden, nonirrigated slope farmland and paddy field, the K values of vegetation types such as forest land, grassland and scrub-grassland, which had a few human disturbance or without human disturbance, were smaller, while the K values of land use types such as garden, nonirrigated slope farmland, nonirrigated terrace land and paddy field, which had more human disturbance, were bigger, that is to say, the K value had strong correlation with land use, vegetation coverage, agricultural activity frequency and disturbance degree such as scarification, weeding and farming.