CAJ | 학술논문

采用多点田间小区试验研究了不同旱作区小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的肥料效益。结果表明，全膜覆土穴播技术能显著提高小麦肥料利用率和肥料利用效率。全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥利用率最高分别为44．3％、24．7％、37．9％，平均分别为38．7％、21．0％、29．1％，较露地条播分别增加8．6、5．1、6．6个百分点；全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾肥料利用效率最高分别为14．8、25．0、13．1 kg·kg-1，平均分别为12．9、21．2、12．3 kg·kg-1，较露地条播分别增长29．0％、31．7％、23．0％。全膜覆土穴播技术能增强小麦对土壤养分的吸收利用能力，显著提高缺素区小麦的相对产量，从而降低氮、磷、钾施肥依从度。全膜覆土穴播小麦缺氮、缺磷、缺钾区相对产量最高分别为60．0％、54．7％、89．7％，平均为58．7％、52．7％、88．8％，较露地条播分别增加3．7、3．9、2．7个百分点；全膜覆土穴播小麦氮、磷、钾施肥依从度最高分别为42．6％、49．5％、11．9％，平均为41．3％、47．3％、11．2％，较露地条播分别减少3．7、3．9、2．7个百分点。
채용다점전간소구시험연구료불동한작구소맥전막복토혈파기술적비료효익。결과표명，전막복토혈파기술능현저제고소맥비료이용솔화비료이용효솔。전막복토혈파소맥담、린、갑비이용솔최고분별위44．3％、24．7％、37．9％，평균분별위38．7％、21．0％、29．1％，교로지조파분별증가8．6、5．1、6．6개백분점；전막복토혈파소맥담、린、갑비료이용효솔최고분별위14．8、25．0、13．1 kg·kg-1，평균분별위12．9、21．2、12．3 kg·kg-1，교로지조파분별증장29．0％、31．7％、23．0％。전막복토혈파기술능증강소맥대토양양분적흡수이용능력，현저제고결소구소맥적상대산량，종이강저담、린、갑시비의종도。전막복토혈파소맥결담、결린、결갑구상대산량최고분별위60．0％、54．7％、89．7％，평균위58．7％、52．7％、88．8％，교로지조파분별증가3．7、3．9、2．7개백분점；전막복토혈파소맥담、린、갑시비의종도최고분별위42．6％、49．5％、11．9％，평균위41．3％、47．3％、11．2％，교로지조파분별감소3．7、3．9、2．7개백분점。
Field plot experiments were employed to investigate fertilizer effects of the technique of whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting of dry-land wheat .The results showed that ,compared with no-mulching cultivation (CK ) ,whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch planting (WFM ) in-creased fertilizer use rate and efficiency remarkably .Under the treatment of WFM ,the highest use rate of N ,P and K fertilizer was 44 .3% ,24 .7% and 37 .9% respectively ,and the average use rate was 38 .7% ,21 .0% and 29 .1% re-spectively ,being 8 .6% ,5 .1% and 6 .6% higher compared with CK .Under the treatment of WFM ,the highest use ef-ficiency of N ,P and K fertilizer was 14 .8 ,25 .0 kg·kg-1 and 13 .1 kg·kg-1 respectively ,and the average use efficiency was 12 .9 ,21 .2 kg·kg-1 and 12 .3 kg·kg-1 respectively ,being 29 .0% ,31 .7% and 23 .0% higher compared with CK .The technique of WFM could improve the absorbing ability of wheat to soil nutrients and increase the relative-yield remarkably in nutritional deficiency zone , thus reducing the fertilization adherence of wheat . Under the treatment of WFM ,the highest relative-yield of wheat in N ,P and K deficiency zone was 60 .0% ,54 .7% and 89 .7% respectively , and the average relative-yield was 58 .0% ,52 .7% and 88 .8% respectively ,being 3 .0% ,3 .9% and 2 .7% higher compared with CK .Under the treatment of WFM ,the highest adherence degree of wheat to N ,P and K fertilizer was 42 .6% ,49 .5% and 11 .9% respectively ,and the average adherence degree was 41 .3% ,47 .3% and 11 .2% respec-tively ,being 3 .0% ,3 .9% and 2 .7% higher compared with CK .