干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2014年
4期
145-150
,共6页
祝飞华%王益权%胡卫光%张润霞%冉艳玲
祝飛華%王益權%鬍衛光%張潤霞%冉豔玲
축비화%왕익권%호위광%장윤하%염염령
容重%紧实度%饱和导水率%关中%农田土壤
容重%緊實度%飽和導水率%關中%農田土壤
용중%긴실도%포화도수솔%관중%농전토양
bulk density%compactness%saturated hydraulic conductivity%Central Shaanxi%farmland soil
为了探明现代长期集约化生产和耕作管理模式下土壤物理状态的变化特征,对关中地区农田0~60 cm剖面范围内的土壤物理特性进行了研究。结果显示:(1)土壤剖面容重呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,表层0~10 cm土壤容重最小,为1.34 g·cm-3,20~40 cm土层容重高达1.67 g·cm-3,达到了制约根系延伸的极限容重;(2)土壤紧实度随着剖面深度增加逐渐增大,0~15 cm、15~25 cm、25~45 cm土层范围内的平均值分别为482 kPa、1647 kPa、2268 kPa;(3)土壤饱和导水率随着土层深度增加而逐渐减小,其中0~10 cm土层的饱和导水率最高,平均为0.968 mm·min-1,且各土层之间的差异达到显著水平。研究表明只有0~10 cm土层土壤结构性较好,而10 cm以下土壤的物理状态具有明显的退化趋势,制约着作物根系的延伸、气体交换和水分的入渗,应予以足够的重视。
為瞭探明現代長期集約化生產和耕作管理模式下土壤物理狀態的變化特徵,對關中地區農田0~60 cm剖麵範圍內的土壤物理特性進行瞭研究。結果顯示:(1)土壤剖麵容重呈現先增大後減小的變化趨勢,錶層0~10 cm土壤容重最小,為1.34 g·cm-3,20~40 cm土層容重高達1.67 g·cm-3,達到瞭製約根繫延伸的極限容重;(2)土壤緊實度隨著剖麵深度增加逐漸增大,0~15 cm、15~25 cm、25~45 cm土層範圍內的平均值分彆為482 kPa、1647 kPa、2268 kPa;(3)土壤飽和導水率隨著土層深度增加而逐漸減小,其中0~10 cm土層的飽和導水率最高,平均為0.968 mm·min-1,且各土層之間的差異達到顯著水平。研究錶明隻有0~10 cm土層土壤結構性較好,而10 cm以下土壤的物理狀態具有明顯的退化趨勢,製約著作物根繫的延伸、氣體交換和水分的入滲,應予以足夠的重視。
위료탐명현대장기집약화생산화경작관리모식하토양물리상태적변화특정,대관중지구농전0~60 cm부면범위내적토양물리특성진행료연구。결과현시:(1)토양부면용중정현선증대후감소적변화추세,표층0~10 cm토양용중최소,위1.34 g·cm-3,20~40 cm토층용중고체1.67 g·cm-3,체도료제약근계연신적겁한용중;(2)토양긴실도수착부면심도증가축점증대,0~15 cm、15~25 cm、25~45 cm토층범위내적평균치분별위482 kPa、1647 kPa、2268 kPa;(3)토양포화도수솔수착토층심도증가이축점감소,기중0~10 cm토층적포화도수솔최고,평균위0.968 mm·min-1,차각토층지간적차이체도현저수평。연구표명지유0~10 cm토층토양결구성교호,이10 cm이하토양적물리상태구유명현적퇴화추세,제약착작물근계적연신、기체교환화수분적입삼,응여이족구적중시。
In order to reveal the effects of intensive production and cultivation model on the variation of soil quality , the physical properties were determined in 0~60 cm soil profile of farmlands in Central Shaanxi .The results showed :(1 ) The bulk density in 0~60 cm soil profile showed an initial increase followed by a steady decrease with the increase of depth .The bulk density was lowest in 0~10 cm layer (a mean of 1 .34 g·cm-3 ) and highest in 20~40 cm layer (1 .67 g·cm-3 ) .(2) The compactness in 0~60 cm soil profile increased with the increase of depth ,and the average compactness in 0~15 cm ,15~25 cm and 25~45 cm layers was 482 kPa ,1 647 kPa and 2 268 kPa ,respectively .(3 ) The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat ) showed a sharp decrease with the increase of soil depth ,and the highest Ksat was 0 .968 mm·min-1 in 0~10 cm layer .There was a statistically significant difference in Ksat among soil layers .In conclusion ,the soil structure was relatively ideal only in 0~10 cm layer ,and the subsurface layers were universally de-generated ,which limited severely root extension ,gas exchange and water infiltration .Therefore ,great attentions should be paid to the improvement of soil physical properties .