干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2014年
4期
117-121
,共5页
玉苏甫·买买提%满苏尔·沙比提%阿曼古丽·艾孜子
玉囌甫·買買提%滿囌爾·沙比提%阿曼古麗·艾孜子
옥소보·매매제%만소이·사비제%아만고려·애자자
土壤理化性质%土壤酶活性%棉花连作%渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲
土壤理化性質%土壤酶活性%棉花連作%渭榦河-庫車河三角洲綠洲
토양이화성질%토양매활성%면화련작%위간하-고차하삼각주록주
soil properties%soil enzyme activities%continuous cotton cropping%Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis
以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲连作5、10、15、20 a和25 a的棉田土壤为研究对象，对棉田土壤的理化性质和酶活性进行分析。结果表明：随着棉花连作年限的增长棉田土壤容重增大、孔隙度下降，粗砂和细沙含量增加，粘粒含量下降，其变化连作15 a极为明显；随着连作年限的增长盐分含量和pH值逐渐降低，有机质和碱解氮含量大幅度升高，速效磷比较稳定或略有减小，而钾的含量显著下降，致使氮、磷、钾比例失调，其增减变化连作15 a极为显著；随着连作年限的增长脲酶、过氧化氢酶和转化酶的活性呈现先升后降的趋势，连作15 a都达到最高值，蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性也呈现先升后降的趋势，但其活性连作20 a达到最高值。由研究结果可以得出研究区棉花连作年限不宜超过15 a ，棉花连作年限超过15 a时，会导致土壤容重增大、孔隙度下降，土体紧实板结，结构性差，土壤养分含量失衡，酶活性降低，土壤质量下降等连作障碍，使得棉花产出和效益受到影响。
以渭榦河-庫車河三角洲綠洲連作5、10、15、20 a和25 a的棉田土壤為研究對象，對棉田土壤的理化性質和酶活性進行分析。結果錶明：隨著棉花連作年限的增長棉田土壤容重增大、孔隙度下降，粗砂和細沙含量增加，粘粒含量下降，其變化連作15 a極為明顯；隨著連作年限的增長鹽分含量和pH值逐漸降低，有機質和堿解氮含量大幅度升高，速效燐比較穩定或略有減小，而鉀的含量顯著下降，緻使氮、燐、鉀比例失調，其增減變化連作15 a極為顯著；隨著連作年限的增長脲酶、過氧化氫酶和轉化酶的活性呈現先升後降的趨勢，連作15 a都達到最高值，蛋白酶和燐痠酶活性也呈現先升後降的趨勢，但其活性連作20 a達到最高值。由研究結果可以得齣研究區棉花連作年限不宜超過15 a ，棉花連作年限超過15 a時，會導緻土壤容重增大、孔隙度下降，土體緊實闆結，結構性差，土壤養分含量失衡，酶活性降低，土壤質量下降等連作障礙，使得棉花產齣和效益受到影響。
이위간하-고차하삼각주록주련작5、10、15、20 a화25 a적면전토양위연구대상，대면전토양적이화성질화매활성진행분석。결과표명：수착면화련작년한적증장면전토양용중증대、공극도하강，조사화세사함량증가，점립함량하강，기변화련작15 a겁위명현；수착련작년한적증장염분함량화pH치축점강저，유궤질화감해담함량대폭도승고，속효린비교은정혹략유감소，이갑적함량현저하강，치사담、린、갑비례실조，기증감변화련작15 a겁위현저；수착련작년한적증장뇨매、과양화경매화전화매적활성정현선승후강적추세，련작15 a도체도최고치，단백매화린산매활성야정현선승후강적추세，단기활성련작20 a체도최고치。유연구결과가이득출연구구면화련작년한불의초과15 a ，면화련작년한초과15 a시，회도치토양용중증대、공극도하강，토체긴실판결，결구성차，토양양분함량실형，매활성강저，토양질량하강등련작장애，사득면화산출화효익수도영향。
The objective of this study was to determine the soil physical and chemical properties and enzymes activi-ties of cotton field after different continuous cropping ages in Ugan -Kuqa River Delta Oasis .Results showed that :The soil bulk density ,coarse sand and fine sand contents increased with the increase of continuous cropping ages ,whereas porosity and the clay content decreased ;With the increase of continuous cropping ages ,pH value ,salt and potassium contents decreased ,whereas the contents of organic matter and alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen increased significantly , as well as available phosphorus content was relatively stable or decreased slightly .These changes resulted in imbalance of nitrogen ,phosphorus ,andpotassium ;With the increase of continuous cropping ages ,the activities of urease ,catalase , invertase ,protease ,and phosphatase increased at first ,and then decreased .The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and enzymes activities were significant after 15 years of continuous cropping ,except for the activities of pro-tease and phosphatase which changed significantly after 20 years .It is therefore suggested that the maximum year of con-tinuous cotton cropping be 15 years for Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis .
