淡水渔业
淡水漁業
담수어업
FRESHWATER FISHERIES
2014年
4期
83-89
,共7页
周兴华%向枭%罗莉%文华%赵海鹏
週興華%嚮梟%囉莉%文華%趙海鵬
주흥화%향효%라리%문화%조해붕
吉富罗非鱼( GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)%苏氨酸%需要量
吉富囉非魚( GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)%囌氨痠%需要量
길부라비어( GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)%소안산%수요량
GIFT Oreochromis niloticus%threonine%requirement
选用初始体质量为（67.08±0.22）g的吉富罗非鱼（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）360尾，随机分成6组，每组3个重复，分别在水泥池（2.5 m ×1.4 m ×1.5 m ）中饲喂苏氨酸水平为0.49％、0.88％、1.27％、1.67％、2.06％和2.46％（占饲料的质量分数）的6组等氮半精制饲料（蛋白质质量分数为32.13％），经60 d生长实验确定吉富罗非鱼的苏氨酸需要量。结果显示，随着饲料苏氨酸水平增加，各饲料处理组成活率（96.67％～98.83％）无显著差异。吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著升高，均在1.67％组达到最大值；饲料系数显著降低，在1.67％组达到最小值；随着饲料苏氨酸水平进一步提高，上述指标不再发生显著变化。随饲料苏氨酸水平增加，吉富罗非鱼的肥满度无明显变化，肝体指数和脏体指数呈明显的先降后升趋势。饲料苏氨酸适宜水平（0.49％～1.67％）能使吉富罗非鱼肌肉水分含量显著降低，蛋白质含量显著增加，对脂肪和灰分含量无显著影响。饲料中苏氨酸水平为1.67％时，吉富罗非鱼肌肉苏氨酸含量和氨基酸总量均为最大值，显著高于其它各组。以增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质评价指标经二次回归分析得出，吉富罗非鱼饲料中苏氨酸适宜需要量以占饲料的质量分数计为1.62％～1.72％（饲料蛋白质质量分数32.13％）或以占饲料蛋白质的质量分数为5.04％～5.35％。
選用初始體質量為（67.08±0.22）g的吉富囉非魚（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）360尾，隨機分成6組，每組3箇重複，分彆在水泥池（2.5 m ×1.4 m ×1.5 m ）中飼餵囌氨痠水平為0.49％、0.88％、1.27％、1.67％、2.06％和2.46％（佔飼料的質量分數）的6組等氮半精製飼料（蛋白質質量分數為32.13％），經60 d生長實驗確定吉富囉非魚的囌氨痠需要量。結果顯示，隨著飼料囌氨痠水平增加，各飼料處理組成活率（96.67％～98.83％）無顯著差異。吉富囉非魚的增重率、特定生長率和蛋白質效率顯著升高，均在1.67％組達到最大值；飼料繫數顯著降低，在1.67％組達到最小值；隨著飼料囌氨痠水平進一步提高，上述指標不再髮生顯著變化。隨飼料囌氨痠水平增加，吉富囉非魚的肥滿度無明顯變化，肝體指數和髒體指數呈明顯的先降後升趨勢。飼料囌氨痠適宜水平（0.49％～1.67％）能使吉富囉非魚肌肉水分含量顯著降低，蛋白質含量顯著增加，對脂肪和灰分含量無顯著影響。飼料中囌氨痠水平為1.67％時，吉富囉非魚肌肉囌氨痠含量和氨基痠總量均為最大值，顯著高于其它各組。以增重率、特定生長率、飼料繫數和蛋白質評價指標經二次迴歸分析得齣，吉富囉非魚飼料中囌氨痠適宜需要量以佔飼料的質量分數計為1.62％～1.72％（飼料蛋白質質量分數32.13％）或以佔飼料蛋白質的質量分數為5.04％～5.35％。
선용초시체질량위（67.08±0.22）g적길부라비어（GIFT Oreochromis niloticus）360미，수궤분성6조，매조3개중복，분별재수니지（2.5 m ×1.4 m ×1.5 m ）중사위소안산수평위0.49％、0.88％、1.27％、1.67％、2.06％화2.46％（점사료적질량분수）적6조등담반정제사료（단백질질량분수위32.13％），경60 d생장실험학정길부라비어적소안산수요량。결과현시，수착사료소안산수평증가，각사료처리조성활솔（96.67％～98.83％）무현저차이。길부라비어적증중솔、특정생장솔화단백질효솔현저승고，균재1.67％조체도최대치；사료계수현저강저，재1.67％조체도최소치；수착사료소안산수평진일보제고，상술지표불재발생현저변화。수사료소안산수평증가，길부라비어적비만도무명현변화，간체지수화장체지수정명현적선강후승추세。사료소안산괄의수평（0.49％～1.67％）능사길부라비어기육수분함량현저강저，단백질함량현저증가，대지방화회분함량무현저영향。사료중소안산수평위1.67％시，길부라비어기육소안산함량화안기산총량균위최대치，현저고우기타각조。이증중솔、특정생장솔、사료계수화단백질평개지표경이차회귀분석득출，길부라비어사료중소안산괄의수요량이점사료적질량분수계위1.62％～1.72％（사료단백질질량분수32.13％）혹이점사료단백질적질량분수위5.04％～5.35％。
This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary threonine requirement for GIFT Oreochromis niloticus by formulating six isonitrogenous diets ( 32.13% protein ) containing threonine with increasing levels of 0.49%, 0.88%, 1.27%, 1.67%, 2.06%and 2.46%, respectively.Casein-gelatin-zein meal and crystalline amino acid mixture were used as dietary protein source.The dietary amino acid pattern , except for threonine , was applied to the amino acid pattern of the muscle of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus.Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 GIFT O.niloticus with initial body weight (67.08 ±0.22) g in cement pool (2.5 m ×1.4 m ×1.5 m) for 60 days.The result showed that with the increase of dietary threonine levels , the survival rates of feed test groups had no significant difference.The weight gain ratios (WGR), specific growth rates (SGR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) increased significantly, and reached their peaks in 1.67%group; whereas the feed conversion ratios ( FCR) decreased significantly , and reached its troughs in the same group.As the dietary threonine levels increased further , the above indicators showed no significant difference.The hepatosomatic index ( HIS) and viscerosomatic index ( VSI) of GIFT Oreochromis niloticus first decreased with increasing dietary threonine levels but then increased , but the condition factor ( CF) were no significant differences.Appropriate thre-onine level (0.49%~1.67%) could make GIFT Oreochromis niloticus muscle moisture content decreased significantly , increased protein , and had no significant effect on fat and ash content.As the threonine level reached 1.67%, the muscle threonine content and total amino acids were maximum , higher than other groups.The second-order polynomial regression analysis of WGRs , SGRs, FCRs and PERs.Optimal requirement of dietary threonine for GIFT Oreochromis niloticus was 1.62%~1.72%(of diet with 32.13%protein) or 5.04%~5.35%of diet protein).
