CAJ | 학술논문

为了揭示节水灌溉稻田腾发量在不同尺度间的差异，基于田间实测数据，对比分析了节水灌溉田块尺度与小区尺度间稻田腾发量的差异性。结果表明，节水灌溉水稻整个生育期不同尺度腾发量间存在显著差异，田块尺度的总腾发量比小区尺度小18.7%。各生育期稻田腾发量尺度间差异显著（P＜0.05），不同时段（旬、候）稻田腾发量尺度间差异极显著（P＜0.01）。节水灌溉条件下稻田下垫面状况、大气湍流状况、灌溉补水过程、土壤水分状况以及气象因子是造成不同尺度稻田腾发量差异的主要原因。气象因子中空气相对湿度和气温造成了尺度间腾发量差异的变化。稻田腾发量尺度差异的揭示可为稻田腾发量在尺度间的转换提供依据。
위료게시절수관개도전등발량재불동척도간적차이，기우전간실측수거，대비분석료절수관개전괴척도여소구척도간도전등발량적차이성。결과표명，절수관개수도정개생육기불동척도등발량간존재현저차이，전괴척도적총등발량비소구척도소18.7%。각생육기도전등발량척도간차이현저（P＜0.05），불동시단（순、후）도전등발량척도간차이겁현저（P＜0.01）。절수관개조건하도전하점면상황、대기단류상황、관개보수과정、토양수분상황이급기상인자시조성불동척도도전등발량차이적주요원인。기상인자중공기상대습도화기온조성료척도간등발량차이적변화。도전등발량척도차이적게시가위도전등발량재척도간적전환제공의거。
In order to reveal the difference of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales, the differences of evapotranspiration between field scale and plot scale of paddy field under water-saving irrigation was analyzed based on the field experiment. In addition, the reasons for the difference between evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales were investigated in this paper. The evapotranspiration on field scale and plot scale of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation was measured by eddy covariance system and lysimeter, respectively. The results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences between the evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on filed scale and plot scale in the whole and early, middle and late growth stages. The variation trend of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on field scale was similar to that on plot scale. But the difference existed on value of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation. The evapotranspiration on field scale of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in the whole growth stages was 18.7%smaller than that on plot scale. The evapotranspiration on field scale of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation in the early, middle and late growth stages was 15.5%-20.5%smaller than those on plot scale. The significant differences (p<0.05) were also showed between the evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on field scale and plot scale in the different growth stages. High significant differences (p<0.01) were showed between the evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on field scale and plot scale in different times (ten days, five days). The evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on field scale in ripening stage increased by 7.9%compared to that on plot scale. The evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on field scale in other growth stage decreased by 10.2%-29.5%compared to that on plot scale. As the day time shortened, the decreased amplitude of evapotranspiration on field scale of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation increased compared to that on plot scale. Differences between different time steps of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales was caused by underlying surface, atmospheric turbulence conditions, meteorological factors, soil moisture condition, irrigation process and so on. Underlying surface conditions, atmospheric turbulence, the process of water replenishment, the soil water status and meteorological factors were the main reasons for the differences between evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on filed scale and plot scale. Relative air humidity and air temperature can lead to the differences of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales. They were the main factors affecting the difference of evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales. The effect of meteorological factors on evapotranspiration of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation was mainly related to soil moisture and marginal effect. The reveal of the evapotranspiration differences of paddy fields under water-saving irrigation on different scales can be used for the transformation of evapotranspiration of paddy field under water-saving irrigation on different scales.