CAJ | 학술논문

摩托车车架的疲劳可靠性是摩托车整车最重要的性能之一，为了对摩托车车架的疲劳可靠性进行准确高效的分析和评价，提出了基于时频域误差加权和力-位移混合控制的摩托车车架多轴道路模拟试验方法，结合采集的实际行驶道路载荷谱和开发的车架多轴道路模拟试验台，采用时域和频域误差加权系数均为0.5的力-位移混合控制多轴道路模拟试验使摩托车车架实际行驶道路载荷谱模拟迭代精度达到93%，并提取了多轴道路模拟激励谱。基于摩托车车架多轴道路模拟试验系统，利用HYPERWORKS有限元分析软件和MSC.ADAMS多体动力学仿真软件，建立了摩托车车架刚柔耦合多轴道路模拟虚拟试验平台，以多轴道路模拟激励谱为输入进行了仿真分析，并采用多轴道路模拟试验进行了结果验证，从而建立了基于多轴道路模拟激励谱的摩托车车架虚拟试验方法。结果表明，仿真结果和试验结果在时频域中趋势和幅值都吻合很好，时域曲线几乎重合，只是频域曲线在13 Hz和24 Hz附近幅值略有差异，但频域曲线均方根值误差均在10%之内，基于多轴道路模拟激励谱的摩托车车架虚拟试验方法能够对摩托车车架疲劳可靠性进行高效准确的考核。
마탁차차가적피로가고성시마탁차정차최중요적성능지일，위료대마탁차차가적피로가고성진행준학고효적분석화평개，제출료기우시빈역오차가권화력-위이혼합공제적마탁차차가다축도로모의시험방법，결합채집적실제행사도로재하보화개발적차가다축도로모의시험태，채용시역화빈역오차가권계수균위0.5적력-위이혼합공제다축도로모의시험사마탁차차가실제행사도로재하보모의질대정도체도93%，병제취료다축도로모의격려보。기우마탁차차가다축도로모의시험계통，이용HYPERWORKS유한원분석연건화MSC.ADAMS다체동역학방진연건，건립료마탁차차가강유우합다축도로모의허의시험평태，이다축도로모의격려보위수입진행료방진분석，병채용다축도로모의시험진행료결과험증，종이건립료기우다축도로모의격려보적마탁차차가허의시험방법。결과표명，방진결과화시험결과재시빈역중추세화폭치도문합흔호，시역곡선궤호중합，지시빈역곡선재13 Hz화24 Hz부근폭치략유차이，단빈역곡선균방근치오차균재10%지내，기우다축도로모의격려보적마탁차차가허의시험방법능구대마탁차차가피로가고성진행고효준학적고핵。
Motorcycle frame is the key load-bearing part of vehicle, its fatigue reliability, stiffness, strength, quality and other factors play a decisive role in vehicle's control stability and occupant comfort. New frame products must pass the reliability test before put into market. However, current frame fatigue reliability tests mainly use road test and testing ground test, which are time-energy consuming and the results are easily affected by environmental factors; Indoor bench tests at present mainly use single axial single incentive or single axial multi incentive mode. The motorcycle frame installation and constraints on the vehicle are very complex, the actual driving loads are complicated and changeable, thus multi-axial loads on motorcycle frame due to road excitation during actual driving could not be simulated or simulation precision is low, prone to over or under test. While the computer simulation technology development provides a new solution to dynamic performance analysis and fatigue reliability evaluation of vehicles and their parts, which including complete 3D entity model building online, creating a virtual laboratory, a virtual running environment and realizing virtual test and evaluation. For accurate and efficient analysis and evaluation of motorcycle frame fatigue reliability, a multi-axes road simulation test method for motorcycle frame based on time-frequency domain error weighting and force-displacement hybrid control was put forward. A motorcycle frame multi-axes road simulation test bench was built with American MTS road simulation test device, which was arranged with two actuator input channels in horizontal axial and vertical axial. As the motorcycle frame multi-axes road simulation test system is a multiple input multiple output system, the remote parameter matrix control strategy was applied to iterate and reproduce actual driving load spectrum. As the frame front fork and shock absorber were substituted by rigid frame fixture, in the horizontal direction, the frame dynamic response was more effective to the force loading, so the horizontal actuator used force control mode and loaded force spectrum. In the vertical direction, the system used inertial loading and frame dynamic response was more effective to displacement loading, so the vertical actuator was selected displacement control mode and loaded displacement spectrum. The motorcycle frame actual road load spectra were collected and multi-axes road simulation test bench was developed. With the simulation test bench, the multi-axes road simulation test was conducted based on force-displacement hybrid control under time and frequency domain with error weighting coefficient of 0.5. The simulation iteration precision of frame actual road load spectrum achieved 93%. Therefore the multi-axes road simulation excitation spectrum were extracted. The HYPERWORKS and ADAMS were applied in building the virtual rigid-flexible coupled multi-axes road simulation test platform with reference of the actual motorcycle frame multi-axes road simulation test system. Simulation analysis was conducted with the multi-axes road simulation excitation spectrum as input and the outcomes were verified by actual multi-axes road simulation test, thus the virtual test method for motorcycle frame based on multi-axes road simulation excitation spectrum were established. The results show that, the curve trend and amplitude of simulation results coincide well with test results in time and frequency domain, only slight amplitude deviation exists near frequency value 13 and 24 Hz, while the frequency curve RMS error is within 10%. Thus the virtual test method based on multi-axes road simulation excitation spectrum could be well applied to motorcycle frame fatigue reliability assessment.