CAJ | 학술논문

针对圆盘破茬刀切茬速度影响破茬质量、切茬阻力难以定性分析、缺乏破茬刀实际应用的工作参数等问题，该文分析了破茬刀滑移对切茬速度的影响，建立了破茬刀垂直阻力和牵引阻力模型，以破茬深度和牵引阻力为试验指标进行了田间试验。结果表明：破茬刀滑移对切茬速度产生不利影响，牵引阻力在切割土壤时变化不大，在切割根茬时呈先增加后减小的变化趋势，破茬深度随配重和机组前进速度的增加而增大，牵引阻力影响因素的主次顺序为：配重、机组前进速度、破茬刀类型。为了保证破茬深度达到80 mm，田间作业时分配到破茬刀的最小质量及牵引阻力和破茬刀类型有关：平面圆盘为148 kg，最小牵引阻力为2.52 N；波纹圆盘为172 kg，最小牵引阻力为2.75 N；涡轮圆盘为160 kg以上，最小牵引阻力为2.65 N。该研究可为圆盘破茬刀及免耕播种机的设计和应用提供参考。
침대원반파치도절치속도영향파치질량、절치조력난이정성분석、결핍파치도실제응용적공작삼수등문제，해문분석료파치도활이대절치속도적영향，건립료파치도수직조력화견인조력모형，이파치심도화견인조력위시험지표진행료전간시험。결과표명：파치도활이대절치속도산생불리영향，견인조력재절할토양시변화불대，재절할근치시정선증가후감소적변화추세，파치심도수배중화궤조전진속도적증가이증대，견인조력영향인소적주차순서위：배중、궤조전진속도、파치도류형。위료보증파치심도체도80 mm，전간작업시분배도파치도적최소질량급견인조력화파치도류형유관：평면원반위148 kg，최소견인조력위2.52 N；파문원반위172 kg，최소견인조력위2.75 N；와륜원반위160 kg이상，최소견인조력위2.65 N。해연구가위원반파치도급면경파충궤적설계화응용제공삼고。
Compared with traditional tillage, conservational tillage-also known as zero tillage can effectively prevent soil from wind and water erosion, resist spring drought, prevent sandstorm, increase crop yield, and save cost. No-tillage planter is an important agricultural implement for conservational tillage. In northeast China where ridge culture is the primary planting mode for maize production, the highly effective stubble-cutting device is required because the soil in this region is often covered by hard stubble and a small amount of stalks. Stubble-cutting device is one of the key components affecting performance of no-tillage planter. Two kinds of stubble-cutting device are commonly used, including power-driven device and passive one. Power-driven device can smash stubble and create good seedbed, but is also associated with soil disturbance, high power consumption and blade wear. Passive device of simple structures consumes less energy and only causes slight soil disturbance. Among them, rolling types of disc stubble-cutting coulters can easily cut through stubble under the soil surface without throwing stubbles out of the soil, so it is suitable for application in Northeast China. There are few studies on cutting velocity and working resistance of dis coulters. However, an understanding of cutting velocity and working resistance of dis coulters is necessary for design and application of dis coulters. Therefore, this study investigated the cutting velocity under the condition that coulters slides occurred, and working resistance in vertical direction as well as tractive resistance by kinematics and force analysis, the influence of auxiliary weight and unit working speed on stubble-cutting depth of three disc coulters (plain, wavy, and turbo) in single factor field experiments, and the influence of disc coulter type, auxiliary weight and unit working speed on tractor resistance in an orthogonal field experiment of three factors and three levels. Both theoretical analysis and field tests showed that the coulter slippage had negative effect on the cutting velocity during the stubble-cutting process, which suggested reducing the coulter slippage to the greatest extent in the application of dis coulters. The tractor resistance of coulters changed slightly during the process of cutting soil in an increasing and then decreasing trend during the process of stubble cutting. The cutting depth of the three coulters increased with increasing auxiliary weight. When the auxiliary weight was less than 48 kg, the cutting stubble depth of plain coulter was largest, followed by the turbo coulter as well as the wave coulter. In practice, stubble under the ground must be totally cut through in order to make sure that no-tillage planter could be in good operation. To obtain a cutting depth of 80 mm or above, the minimum auxiliary weight of the plain, wavy and turbo disc coulter was required to be 48, 72 and 60 kg respectively. Since the total weight of force-measuring device and general frame was 100 kg, the down pressure acted on the plain, wavy and turbo disc coulter should be not less than 148, 172 and 160 kg in order to acquire enough cutting depth in designing no-tillage planter. The tractor resistance increased with increasing unit working speed, and could be affected by auxiliary weight>unit working speed>coulter types. With minimum auxiliary weight, the least tractor resistance of plain coulter, turbo coulter and wave coulter was 2.52, 2.65 and 2.75 kN, respectively. This study provided valuable information for the design and application of disc coulter and no-tillage planter.