CAJ | 학술논문

妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是妊娠期间首次发现的糖尿病，不包括妊娠前已有糖尿病的孕妇，占妊娠合并糖尿病的80%左右。GDM是一种发生在妊娠中晚期的高危妊娠，由各种原因引起的胰岛素分泌不足或胰岛素抵抗所致的妊娠期特有的疾病。母体内的高血糖通过胎盘进入胎儿体内，促使胎儿胰岛B细胞增生肥大，分泌大量胰岛素，导致胎儿高胰岛素血症，宫内窘迫、胎死宫内、羊水过多、早产、难产等不良妊娠结局。胎儿体内高血糖和高胰岛素血症作用于心脏，引起心肌细胞增生肥大，导致胎儿心脏在结构和功能上发生改变，由此影响胎儿整体的生理功能。近年来随着妊娠糖尿病的发病率逐年增高，妊娠糖尿病引起的子代心脏缺陷的越来越受到重视，故本文就妊娠糖尿病对胎儿心脏的影响作一综述。
임신당뇨병（GDM）시임신기간수차발현적당뇨병，불포괄임신전이유당뇨병적잉부，점임신합병당뇨병적80%좌우。GDM시일충발생재임신중만기적고위임신，유각충원인인기적이도소분비불족혹이도소저항소치적임신기특유적질병。모체내적고혈당통과태반진입태인체내，촉사태인이도B세포증생비대，분비대량이도소，도치태인고이도소혈증，궁내군박、태사궁내、양수과다、조산、난산등불량임신결국。태인체내고혈당화고이도소혈증작용우심장，인기심기세포증생비대，도치태인심장재결구화공능상발생개변，유차영향태인정체적생리공능。근년래수착임신당뇨병적발병솔축년증고，임신당뇨병인기적자대심장결함적월래월수도중시，고본문취임신당뇨병대태인심장적영향작일종술。
Gestational diabetes meilltus is a condition in which without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose level during pregnancy, except pregestational diabetes or gestational impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes meilltus accounts for more than 80%. GDM is one of the high risk pregancy during the third trimester caused by abnormal insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Maternal high blood glyucose through the placenta into the fetus in the womb, prompting fetal islet B cell proliferous hypertrophy, secrete large amounts of insulin, and lead to fetal hyperinsulinemia intrauterine distress, fetal intrauterine, hydramnios, preterm birth, dystocia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the fetus cause myocardial cell proliferous hypertrophy, induce fetal heart on structure and function change, thus affecting the overall physiological function. In recent years, with the incidence of gestational diabetes increased, fetus heart defects caused by GDM has been taken more and more seriously, so this paper summarizes the influence on fetal heart of gestational diabetes.