CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解心脏病专科医院急诊观察室疾病分布特点及规律。方法选择北京市安贞医院2008年1月1日～2011年12月31日收治的13200例急诊观察室患者作为研究对象，分别按年龄、性别、疾病种类、发病时间、心力衰竭病因等因素进行回顾性调查研究。结果13200例患有不同疾病的患者的构成：心血管系统疾病是就诊的首位疾病，占患者总数的66.81%，第2位是神经系统疾病，占9.28%，第3位是呼吸系统疾病，占8.09%。心血管系统疾病中以各种原因导致心力衰竭为首位疾病，占68.73%，在心力衰竭患者中女性（53.65%）多于男性（46.35%）。导致心力衰竭的基础心脏病构成比由高到低的顺序依次为：冠心病（38.30%）、糖尿病（17.91%）、高血压病（11.97%）、风湿性心脏病（8.59%）、扩张型心肌病（6.64%）等。各系统疾病尤其是心血管系统疾病发病呈现明显的季节性，以冬春两季为高发季节，夏季相对减少。结论心脏病专科医院急诊观察室以心血管系统疾病为主，心力衰竭患者是主要的人群，成立心力衰竭病房加强患者管理有重要意义。可根据心脏急诊患者发病高峰季节特点，科学合理地安排工作和配置。
목적：료해심장병전과의원급진관찰실질병분포특점급규률。방법선택북경시안정의원2008년1월1일～2011년12월31일수치적13200례급진관찰실환자작위연구대상，분별안년령、성별、질병충류、발병시간、심력쇠갈병인등인소진행회고성조사연구。결과13200례환유불동질병적환자적구성：심혈관계통질병시취진적수위질병，점환자총수적66.81%，제2위시신경계통질병，점9.28%，제3위시호흡계통질병，점8.09%。심혈관계통질병중이각충원인도치심력쇠갈위수위질병，점68.73%，재심력쇠갈환자중녀성（53.65%）다우남성（46.35%）。도치심력쇠갈적기출심장병구성비유고도저적순서의차위：관심병（38.30%）、당뇨병（17.91%）、고혈압병（11.97%）、풍습성심장병（8.59%）、확장형심기병（6.64%）등。각계통질병우기시심혈관계통질병발병정현명현적계절성，이동춘량계위고발계절，하계상대감소。결론심장병전과의원급진관찰실이심혈관계통질병위주，심력쇠갈환자시주요적인군，성립심력쇠갈병방가강환자관리유중요의의。가근거심장급진환자발병고봉계절특점，과학합리지안배공작화배치。
Objective To get to know the distribution characteristics and laws of diseases in the emergency observation room of special hospital of cardiac diseases. Methods The patients (n=13 200) were chosen as objects from the emergency observation room of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2011. A retrospective survey was carried out according to age, sex, disease type, occurrence time and causes of heart failure (HF). Results The ratio of the patients with different diseases in 13 200 patients showed as follows:firstly the patients with diseases of cardiovascular system accounted for 66.81%, secondly those with diseases of nervous system, 9.28%, and thirdly those with diseases of respiratory system, 8.09%. In diseases of cardiovascular system, heart failure induced by different causes was at the top (68.73%), and female patients (53.65%) were more than male ones (46.35%). The proportion of basic heart diseases inducing HF was in a descent order as follows:coronary heart disease (38.30%), diabetes (17.91%), hypertension (11.97%), rheumatic heart disease (8.59%) and dilated cardiomyopathy (6.64%). The occurrence of diseases of different systems, especially that of diseases of cardiovascular system, presented obvious seasonal variation, and it was higher in spring and winter and lower in summer. Conclusion The diseases are mainly those of cardiovascular system in the emergency observation room of special hospital of cardiac diseases. The patients with HF are major group, so the heart failure wards should be set up for enhancing the management. The medical work and configuration can be arranged reasonably according to the seasonal characteristics of heart disease occurrence.