CAJ | 학술논문

根据全球气溶胶气候模式GEM-AQ/EC的1995～2004年模拟，分析了青藏高原大气黑碳气溶胶的来源、传输及沉降季节特征。研究表明：青藏高原黑碳气溶胶主要来自自由对流层和大气边界层的输送。相对于自由对流层的黑碳输送，紧邻青藏高原的南亚、东亚以及东南亚大气边界层的输送更有效，它形成了青藏高原由北向南、自西往东黑碳气溶胶浓度和沉降明显递增的基本分布形态。横跨欧亚大陆自由对流层的黑碳气溶胶由西向东向青藏高原的输送全年不变，夏季输送路径最北但强度最弱，冬季路径最南而强度最强。大气边界层黑碳气溶胶的输送受控于亚洲季风环流变化，来自南亚的黑碳气溶胶在春季越过孟加拉湾传输进入高原东南部，夏季则可翻越喜马拉雅山抵达青藏高原南部腹地；同时我国中部排放的黑碳气溶胶也在东亚夏季风向北扩展中驱动它从东向西往青藏高原东北部传输。从秋季到冬季，随着夏季风撤退，南亚黑碳源区向青藏高原传输衰退，东亚冬季风的反气旋性环流的南侧及西南侧的偏东风携带秋季我国东南部源区和冬季东南亚源区黑碳气溶胶向青藏高原东南部传输。受青藏高原明显的暖湿季和干冷季气候影响，干湿沉降分别主导了青藏高原冬季和夏季黑碳沉降，夏季青藏高原黑碳气溶胶沉降总量大多超过8～10 kg·km-2，在高原东北部的最高值超过40 kg·km-2。冬季青藏高原黑碳气溶胶沉降量最低，大部地区黑碳沉降低于5 kg·km-2。青藏高原黑碳沉降的冬夏季节相差约为2～8倍。
근거전구기용효기후모식GEM-AQ/EC적1995～2004년모의，분석료청장고원대기흑탄기용효적래원、전수급침강계절특정。연구표명：청장고원흑탄기용효주요래자자유대류층화대기변계층적수송。상대우자유대류층적흑탄수송，긴린청장고원적남아、동아이급동남아대기변계층적수송경유효，타형성료청장고원유북향남、자서왕동흑탄기용효농도화침강명현체증적기본분포형태。횡과구아대륙자유대류층적흑탄기용효유서향동향청장고원적수송전년불변，하계수송로경최북단강도최약，동계로경최남이강도최강。대기변계층흑탄기용효적수송수공우아주계풍배류변화，래자남아적흑탄기용효재춘계월과맹가랍만전수진입고원동남부，하계칙가번월희마랍아산저체청장고원남부복지；동시아국중부배방적흑탄기용효야재동아하계풍향북확전중구동타종동향서왕청장고원동북부전수。종추계도동계，수착하계풍철퇴，남아흑탄원구향청장고원전수쇠퇴，동아동계풍적반기선성배류적남측급서남측적편동풍휴대추계아국동남부원구화동계동남아원구흑탄기용효향청장고원동남부전수。수청장고원명현적난습계화간랭계기후영향，간습침강분별주도료청장고원동계화하계흑탄침강，하계청장고원흑탄기용효침강총량대다초과8～10 kg·km-2，재고원동북부적최고치초과40 kg·km-2。동계청장고원흑탄기용효침강량최저，대부지구흑탄침강저우5 kg·km-2。청장고원흑탄침강적동하계절상차약위2～8배。
Based on simulation of aerosal in 10 years during 1995 -2004 with a global aerosol climate model system GEM-AQ/EC, the seasonal features of transport and depositions of black carbon (BC)aerosol over the Tibetan Plateau (TP)are characterized.The BC-aerosols over the TP were transported in the free troposphere and within the boundary layer,and the BC-transport to the TP was more efficient within the boundary layer from the South,East and Southeast Asian source regions near to the TP,which contributed to the TP-distributions of BC concentrations and depositions with the increasing gradients from west (north)to east (south).The BC-transport across Eurasian continent in the free troposphere with unchanged direction from west to east varied from the weak fluxes with the northward pathway in summer to the strong fluxes with the southward pathway in winter.Governed by the Asian monsoon circula-tions,the BC-transport to the TP within the boundary layer had the more significant seasonality.The BC-transport from South Asia crossing the Bay of Bengal reached the southeast TP in spring and climbing over the Himalayas entered the interior of south TP in sum-mer.The northward expanded summer monsoon flows in China drove the BC-transport from the central China to northwest TP.Ac-companied with the withdrawing of summer monsoon and development of winter monsoon in autumn and winter in South and East Asia, the BC transport from South Asian source to the TP declined,and the east winds on the south and southwest sides of anticyclone circu-lation in East Asia forced BC-transport from southeast China in autumn and from the southeast Asian sources in winter to the southeast TP.Controlled by the seasonal shift from warm and wet to cold and dry climate over the TP,wet and dry BC-depositions dominated the total BC depositions over the TP in summer and winter,respectively.Over the large TP areas,the total BC-depositions in summer exceeded 8-10 kg/km2 and the maximum value was more than 40 kg/km2 in the northeast part,while the total BC-depositions in winter dropped to less than 5 kg/km2 .The total BC-depositions over the TP fluctuated seasonally with 2-8 times between the maxi-mum in summer the minimum in winter.