CAJ | 학술논문

如何正确识别承运人、判定适格被告，是困扰我国乃至国际海商法理论与实践已久的问题。《鹿特丹规则》采用“运输单证标准”、“凭身份推定责任”的立法模式，力图建构出彻底解决承运人识别困境的制度，并在我国引起了是否要将该制度引入《海商法》的讨论。但是实际上，《鹿特丹规则》承运人识别制度不但在解释论上存在矛盾化的双重标准，可能在实际适用中造成混乱，其立法模式与内容也在立法时备受质疑，并且与国际社会主流构成要件主义立法例相差甚远而难以形成国际共识。更重要的是，若将这一制度引入我国，不但会因其与我国本土海商法治资源差异甚大而产生水土不服，亦无益于我国国家航运利益与贸易利益保护。
여하정학식별승운인、판정괄격피고，시곤우아국내지국제해상법이론여실천이구적문제。《록특단규칙》채용“운수단증표준”、“빙신빈추정책임”적입법모식，력도건구출철저해결승운인식별곤경적제도，병재아국인기료시부요장해제도인입《해상법》적토론。단시실제상，《록특단규칙》승운인식별제도불단재해석론상존재모순화적쌍중표준，가능재실제괄용중조성혼란，기입법모식여내용야재입법시비수질의，병차여국제사회주류구성요건주의입법례상차심원이난이형성국제공식。경중요적시，약장저일제도인입아국，불단회인기여아국본토해상법치자원차이심대이산생수토불복，역무익우아국국가항운이익여무역이익보호。
How to correctly identify carrier and determine qualified defendant ,has troubled the mari-time legal academia and legal practice in China for long .By adopting a"transport document primacy stand-ard"and creating an "identity-based presumed liability regime",the Rotterdam Rules aims to fundamental-ly address the carrier identification dilemma .It has aroused a fierce debate as w hether to incorporate the Rotterdam Rules which make us further rethink about incorporating international norms .However ,as far as the author concerned ,the Rotterdam Rules'carrier identification regime show s contradictory bifurcated standards w hich may lead to confusion in practice .Even some Rotterdam Rules'framers hold a conservative attitude as such regime greatly deviates from the traditional legislative model and therefore may be lack of international consensus .Most importantly ,incorporating such a new and unstable regime into our mari-time institutions may cause a tremendous crack due to the incompatibility between the new regime and our local maritime legal resources ;neither will it benefit our national shipping interests nor international trade interests .