吉林大学学报（地球科学版）
吉林大學學報（地毬科學版）
길림대학학보（지구과학판）
JOURNAL OF JILIN UNIVERSITY(EARTH SCIENCE EDITION)
2014年
4期
1327-1332
,共6页
裸土%蒸发强度%总水势%包气带%干旱内陆盆地
裸土%蒸髮彊度%總水勢%包氣帶%榦旱內陸盆地
라토%증발강도%총수세%포기대%간한내륙분지
bare soil%evaporation intensity%total water potential%vadose zone%arid inland basin
鉴于包气带蒸发的水分是从地表散失，故查明裸土蒸发规律对研究包气带水分蒸发、潜水蒸发问题具有重要意义。为了查明西北干旱内陆盆地区裸土蒸发强度规律，通过开展裸土含水率观测、包气带负压观测等野外原位试验，结合气象资料，对包气带剖面流场特征进行分析，采用有限差分法对裸土蒸发强度进行计算。结果表明：依据包气带水分在垂向上迁移的不同状态，将裸土区包气带剖面划分为水分向上传输带和水分向下迁移带2个带；西北内陆干旱盆地裸土包气带极限蒸发深度为1．2 m；受外界蒸发能力和包气带向上输水能力交替控制作用，盆地内裸土蒸发出现在4月下半月至9月下半月，其中4月下半月至5月裸土蒸发强度最大，平均蒸发强度达0．56 mm/d；裸土蒸发强度平均仅占水面蒸发强度的3．5％，最大达6．7％。
鑒于包氣帶蒸髮的水分是從地錶散失，故查明裸土蒸髮規律對研究包氣帶水分蒸髮、潛水蒸髮問題具有重要意義。為瞭查明西北榦旱內陸盆地區裸土蒸髮彊度規律，通過開展裸土含水率觀測、包氣帶負壓觀測等野外原位試驗，結閤氣象資料，對包氣帶剖麵流場特徵進行分析，採用有限差分法對裸土蒸髮彊度進行計算。結果錶明：依據包氣帶水分在垂嚮上遷移的不同狀態，將裸土區包氣帶剖麵劃分為水分嚮上傳輸帶和水分嚮下遷移帶2箇帶；西北內陸榦旱盆地裸土包氣帶極限蒸髮深度為1．2 m；受外界蒸髮能力和包氣帶嚮上輸水能力交替控製作用，盆地內裸土蒸髮齣現在4月下半月至9月下半月，其中4月下半月至5月裸土蒸髮彊度最大，平均蒸髮彊度達0．56 mm/d；裸土蒸髮彊度平均僅佔水麵蒸髮彊度的3．5％，最大達6．7％。
감우포기대증발적수분시종지표산실，고사명라토증발규률대연구포기대수분증발、잠수증발문제구유중요의의。위료사명서북간한내륙분지구라토증발강도규률，통과개전라토함수솔관측、포기대부압관측등야외원위시험，결합기상자료，대포기대부면류장특정진행분석，채용유한차분법대라토증발강도진행계산。결과표명：의거포기대수분재수향상천이적불동상태，장라토구포기대부면화분위수분향상전수대화수분향하천이대2개대；서북내륙간한분지라토포기대겁한증발심도위1．2 m；수외계증발능력화포기대향상수수능력교체공제작용，분지내라토증발출현재4월하반월지9월하반월，기중4월하반월지5월라토증발강도최대，평균증발강도체0．56 mm/d；라토증발강도평균부점수면증발강도적3．5％，최대체6．7％。
Owing to the vadose zone evaporation water from the ground surface,finding out the bare soil evaporation rule has important meaning to study some vadose zone water and underwater evaporation problems.To find out the rule of bare soil evaporation intensity in northwest arid inland basin,we analyze the vadose zone cross section water flow features with weather data and calculate the bare soil evaporation intensity adopting the finite-difference method through developing some bare soil water content and vadose zone pressure monitoring site experiments.Express as a result:According to vertical transportation different status of some vadose zone water,the cross section in the bare soil area vadose zone is divided into the vadose zone water upward to transfer zone and the vadose zone water downward to move zone.The extreme limit evaporation depth is 1.2 m in the bare soil zone of Northwest arid inland basin.Subjecting to the external space weather evaporation ability and the vadose zone water upward to transfer ability,the bare soil evaporation inside the basin appears in the second half month of April to the second half month of September,among which the bare soil evaporation quantity in the second half month of April to May is the biggest,and the evaporation intensity reaches to 0.56 mm/d on the average.The percentage of the bare soil evaporation intensity only equivalent to surface evaporation intensity on the average of 3.5%,as biggest as 6.7%.
