林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE
2014年
6期
98-106
,共9页
林木功能性状%抗冰冻%抗台风%防护林%浙东沿海
林木功能性狀%抗冰凍%抗檯風%防護林%浙東沿海
림목공능성상%항빙동%항태풍%방호림%절동연해
tree functional traits%frost-resistant%typhoon-resistant%shelter forest%coastland in eastern Zhejiang
如何选择恰当的目标树种，营造具有抗风和抗寒能力的防护林一直是沿海山区造林实践面临的难题之一。以浙江天童盘山台风和冰冻雨雪灾后受损的柳杉林为改造对象，依据林木功能性状，筛选出抗机械受损和抗寒能力优良的树种作为目标功能种，通过补植，在坡面和坡谷立地上营建抗风雪冰冻防护林，并分析7年后目标功能种的生长和林分结构变化。结果表明：小叶青冈、赤皮青冈、细叶青冈和木荷等树种抵抗风雪冰冻灾害能力较高。目标功能种在改造群落形成树高5～6 m、盖度达15%以上的乔木亚层；灌木层高度达到2～4 m，盖度达70%。综合重要值在乔木层达50%以上，在灌木层达70%以上。坡面乔木层蓄积量比对照增长51.8%，坡谷乔木层蓄积量比对照增长59.6%。研究结果表明由功能目标种构建的抗风雪冰冻防护林可快速形成复层群落结构，林分蓄积量显著增加，起到有效的防风雪冰冻作用。
如何選擇恰噹的目標樹種，營造具有抗風和抗寒能力的防護林一直是沿海山區造林實踐麵臨的難題之一。以浙江天童盤山檯風和冰凍雨雪災後受損的柳杉林為改造對象，依據林木功能性狀，篩選齣抗機械受損和抗寒能力優良的樹種作為目標功能種，通過補植，在坡麵和坡穀立地上營建抗風雪冰凍防護林，併分析7年後目標功能種的生長和林分結構變化。結果錶明：小葉青岡、赤皮青岡、細葉青岡和木荷等樹種牴抗風雪冰凍災害能力較高。目標功能種在改造群落形成樹高5～6 m、蓋度達15%以上的喬木亞層；灌木層高度達到2～4 m，蓋度達70%。綜閤重要值在喬木層達50%以上，在灌木層達70%以上。坡麵喬木層蓄積量比對照增長51.8%，坡穀喬木層蓄積量比對照增長59.6%。研究結果錶明由功能目標種構建的抗風雪冰凍防護林可快速形成複層群落結構，林分蓄積量顯著增加，起到有效的防風雪冰凍作用。
여하선택흡당적목표수충，영조구유항풍화항한능력적방호림일직시연해산구조림실천면림적난제지일。이절강천동반산태풍화빙동우설재후수손적류삼림위개조대상，의거림목공능성상，사선출항궤계수손화항한능력우량적수충작위목표공능충，통과보식，재파면화파곡입지상영건항풍설빙동방호림，병분석7년후목표공능충적생장화림분결구변화。결과표명：소협청강、적피청강、세협청강화목하등수충저항풍설빙동재해능력교고。목표공능충재개조군락형성수고5～6 m、개도체15%이상적교목아층；관목층고도체도2～4 m，개도체70%。종합중요치재교목층체50%이상，재관목층체70%이상。파면교목층축적량비대조증장51.8%，파곡교목층축적량비대조증장59.6%。연구결과표명유공능목표충구건적항풍설빙동방호림가쾌속형성복층군락결구，림분축적량현저증가，기도유효적방풍설빙동작용。
How to select appropriate target tree species used for constructing typhoon-and frost-resistant plantations is one of challenges in afforestation practice in the mountains area along coast. In this study,the typhoon-and frozen-damaged plantations of Cryptomeria fortunei in each of sloping face and concave slope area were reconstructed by planting functionally target-oriented tree species in Pan mountains of Tiantong region,Zhejiang province. Those tree species were selected based on their functional traits,including the strength in mechanical and frozen resistance. Variation in growth of functionally target-oriented species and forest structure were investigated after 7 years of site reclamation. The results showed that Cyclobalanopsis gracilis,Cyclobalanopsis gilva,Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia,and Schima superba had strong ability of blizzard-and frost-resistance. Within the re-built plantations,the sub-tree layer was formed by the functionally target-oriented species with 5 -6 m in height and above 15% in coverage; in the shrub layer,the height and coverage approached 2 - 4 m and 70%,respectively. The comprehensive importance value of the functionally target-oriented species was above 50% and 70% respectively in tree and shrub layer. Compared with the reference site,the growing stock increased 51. 8% and 59. 6% respectively in sloping face and concave slope area. In conclusion,the blizzard-and frost-resistant plantations constructed with the functionally target-oriented species quickly developed to multiple layers in community structure,and remarkably increased growing stock,thus,improved effectiveness of forest defense against typhoon-and frozen-induced stresses.
