中国生物防治学报
中國生物防治學報
중국생물방치학보
CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
2014年
4期
503-510
,共8页
田甜%孙漫红%李世东
田甜%孫漫紅%李世東
전첨%손만홍%리세동
土壤熏蒸%生物防治%协同效应%粉红螺旋聚孢霉%黄瓜枯萎病%土壤微生物区系
土壤熏蒸%生物防治%協同效應%粉紅螺鏇聚孢黴%黃瓜枯萎病%土壤微生物區繫
토양훈증%생물방치%협동효응%분홍라선취포매%황과고위병%토양미생물구계
fumigation%biological control%synergistic effect%Clonostachys rosea%cucumber Fusarium wilt%soil microflora
本文通过温室大棚试验，开展了设施栽培条件下土壤熏蒸剂棉隆与生防真菌粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea67-1协同防治黄瓜枯萎病Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cucumerinu（FOC）的研究。结果表明，采用棉隆熏蒸土壤（1‰，W：W）结合生防菌剂拌土（106孢子/g土），可以有效降低土壤中枯萎病菌对直播黄瓜种子和幼苗的侵染，30 d黄瓜死苗率为0，而单一使用棉隆或菌株67-1菌剂，死苗率分别为13.3%和44.5%。田间大棚试验表明，采用25 g/m2剂量的棉隆熏蒸土壤，并在移苗时穴施107孢子/穴生防菌液，对黄瓜枯萎病防效达到98.5%，显著高于单独使用棉隆（88.8%）和菌株67-1菌剂（62.2%），黄瓜产量增加48.5%。布里斯模型分析表明，棉隆与菌株67-1菌剂结合使用具有增效作用。对土壤中微生物数量监测表明，二者联合处理可有效降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌种群数量，提高生防菌在根际的定殖水平，并且有利于被病原菌污染土壤的生态修复。本研究为土传病害的有效防治和生防菌剂的高效利用提供了理论依据。
本文通過溫室大棚試驗，開展瞭設施栽培條件下土壤熏蒸劑棉隆與生防真菌粉紅螺鏇聚孢黴Clonostachys rosea67-1協同防治黃瓜枯萎病Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cucumerinu（FOC）的研究。結果錶明，採用棉隆熏蒸土壤（1‰，W：W）結閤生防菌劑拌土（106孢子/g土），可以有效降低土壤中枯萎病菌對直播黃瓜種子和幼苗的侵染，30 d黃瓜死苗率為0，而單一使用棉隆或菌株67-1菌劑，死苗率分彆為13.3%和44.5%。田間大棚試驗錶明，採用25 g/m2劑量的棉隆熏蒸土壤，併在移苗時穴施107孢子/穴生防菌液，對黃瓜枯萎病防效達到98.5%，顯著高于單獨使用棉隆（88.8%）和菌株67-1菌劑（62.2%），黃瓜產量增加48.5%。佈裏斯模型分析錶明，棉隆與菌株67-1菌劑結閤使用具有增效作用。對土壤中微生物數量鑑測錶明，二者聯閤處理可有效降低土壤中尖孢鐮刀菌種群數量，提高生防菌在根際的定殖水平，併且有利于被病原菌汙染土壤的生態脩複。本研究為土傳病害的有效防治和生防菌劑的高效利用提供瞭理論依據。
본문통과온실대붕시험，개전료설시재배조건하토양훈증제면륭여생방진균분홍라선취포매Clonostachys rosea67-1협동방치황과고위병Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cucumerinu（FOC）적연구。결과표명，채용면륭훈증토양（1‰，W：W）결합생방균제반토（106포자/g토），가이유효강저토양중고위병균대직파황과충자화유묘적침염，30 d황과사묘솔위0，이단일사용면륭혹균주67-1균제，사묘솔분별위13.3%화44.5%。전간대붕시험표명，채용25 g/m2제량적면륭훈증토양，병재이묘시혈시107포자/혈생방균액，대황과고위병방효체도98.5%，현저고우단독사용면륭（88.8%）화균주67-1균제（62.2%），황과산량증가48.5%。포리사모형분석표명，면륭여균주67-1균제결합사용구유증효작용。대토양중미생물수량감측표명，이자연합처리가유효강저토양중첨포렴도균충군수량，제고생방균재근제적정식수평，병차유리우피병원균오염토양적생태수복。본연구위토전병해적유효방치화생방균제적고효이용제공료이론의거。
We investigated the synergistic effects of soil fumigation with Dazomet and biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea67-1 used successively for control of cucumber fusarium wilt in protected fields. Pot experiments showed that death rate of cucumber seedlings in soil infested withFusarium oxysporumf. sp. cucumerinum KW2-1 (FOC) at 3% (w/w) was zero at the 30th day after sowing whenC. rosea67-1 was applied at 106 spores/gsoil following soil fumigation with Dazomet at 1 g/kg of soil, while those were 13.3% and 44.5% in soil treated with Dazomet and 67-1 alone, respectively. Experiments in an infested sunlight greenhouse demonstrated that soil fumigation with Dazomet at 25 g/m2 in combination with hole application ofC. rosea at 107 spores/hole when transplanting led to 98.5% of control efficiency, much higher than those resulted from treatments of fumigation (88.8%) and biocontrol (62.2%). Cucumber yield was increased by 48.5% by combinative treatment. Analysis of Bliss Independence indicated that there was a synergistic effect of Dazomet andC. rosea 67-1 in combating cucumber fusarium wilt. Tests with soil dilution plates showed that population of FOCdeclined drastically and remained at a low level during the whole growing season and the colonization of 67-1 in rhizosphere enhanced greatly (P<0.01) after chemical fumigation followed by application of the 67-1. The research indicated that combination of fumigation and biocontrol could protect cucumber from infection by FOC and might also be used for management of other soil born diseases.
