气候与环境研究
氣候與環境研究
기후여배경연구
CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
2014年
4期
452-462
,共11页
新疆%降水%气象站%水文站%地形要素
新疆%降水%氣象站%水文站%地形要素
신강%강수%기상참%수문참%지형요소
Xinjiang%Precipitation%Meteorological station%Hydrological station%Topographic factor
利用新疆地区89个气象站和38个水文站1961～2005年的降水资料，对比分析了这两类降水观测资料在表征新疆地区降水的时间演变特征上所存在的差异，进而探究了造成这种差异的原因，并在此基础上研究了增暖背景下新疆地区降水与地形（包括海拔高度、坡度和坡向）的关系。研究发现：1）从区域平均来看，水文站观测的年降水量（221.4 mm）明显高于气象站的观测值（152.1 mm），其差值为69.3 mm，但是二者具有相同的时空变化特征；2）气象站与水文站降水均值之间的差异，主要受海拔高度的影响，坡度和坡向的影响次之。新疆地区地形地貌复杂，降水时空变化较大，观测数据分布不均匀均可导致对降水的估算存在较大差异，因此多源降水数据相互融合是客观估算该地区降水量及其变化的一个途径。
利用新疆地區89箇氣象站和38箇水文站1961～2005年的降水資料，對比分析瞭這兩類降水觀測資料在錶徵新疆地區降水的時間縯變特徵上所存在的差異，進而探究瞭造成這種差異的原因，併在此基礎上研究瞭增暖揹景下新疆地區降水與地形（包括海拔高度、坡度和坡嚮）的關繫。研究髮現：1）從區域平均來看，水文站觀測的年降水量（221.4 mm）明顯高于氣象站的觀測值（152.1 mm），其差值為69.3 mm，但是二者具有相同的時空變化特徵；2）氣象站與水文站降水均值之間的差異，主要受海拔高度的影響，坡度和坡嚮的影響次之。新疆地區地形地貌複雜，降水時空變化較大，觀測數據分佈不均勻均可導緻對降水的估算存在較大差異，因此多源降水數據相互融閤是客觀估算該地區降水量及其變化的一箇途徑。
이용신강지구89개기상참화38개수문참1961～2005년적강수자료，대비분석료저량류강수관측자료재표정신강지구강수적시간연변특정상소존재적차이，진이탐구료조성저충차이적원인，병재차기출상연구료증난배경하신강지구강수여지형（포괄해발고도、파도화파향）적관계。연구발현：1）종구역평균래간，수문참관측적년강수량（221.4 mm）명현고우기상참적관측치（152.1 mm），기차치위69.3 mm，단시이자구유상동적시공변화특정；2）기상참여수문참강수균치지간적차이，주요수해발고도적영향，파도화파향적영향차지。신강지구지형지모복잡，강수시공변화교대，관측수거분포불균균균가도치대강수적고산존재교대차이，인차다원강수수거상호융합시객관고산해지구강수량급기변화적일개도경。
Based on monthly precipitation datasets of 89 meteorological stations and 38 hydrological rain gauges from 1961 to 2005 in Xinjiang, China, differences in temporal-spatial variations of Xinjiang precipitation detected by these two precipitation observations have been compared and causations for these differences have been analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationships between precipitations with topography features (altitude, slope, and aspect) under increasing warming background have been discussed. The results indicate that: 1) Multiyear mean annual precipitation in Xinjiang observed by hydrological rain gauges is 221.4 mm, which is 69.3 mm more than that observed by meteorological stations (152.1 mm). However, meteorological and hydrological observations show the same spatial-temporal change characteristics; 2) Differences between meteorological and hydrological observations are mainly affected by altitude. Besides, slope and aspect are also crucial factors. Precipitation shows huge spatial-temporal variations in Xinjiang because of complicated landform. As a result of uneven distribution of rainfall gauges, there exists great bias in precipitation estimation. In the future, it would be an effective method to objectively assess precipitation in Xinjiang that multi-source precipitation datasets combine together.
