农业资源与环境学报
農業資源與環境學報
농업자원여배경학보
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
2014年
4期
355-365
,共11页
董同喜%杨海雪%李花粉%乔玉辉%苏德纯
董同喜%楊海雪%李花粉%喬玉輝%囌德純
동동희%양해설%리화분%교옥휘%소덕순
农田土壤%重金属%累积速率%频率分布
農田土壤%重金屬%纍積速率%頻率分佈
농전토양%중금속%루적속솔%빈솔분포
farmland soil%heavy metal%accumulation rate%distribution frequency
通过文献查阅和采样分析，建立华北农田小麦-玉米轮作体系下土壤重金属输入、输出数据库，分析不同重金属输入源所占比例；通过模型计算不同情景下土壤中不同重金属元素累积速率和累积速率的频率分布，分析土壤不同重金属的积累特征。结果表明，本轮作体系和条件下，Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr 6种重金属元素的主要输入源为畜禽粪便有机肥，其占总输入量的比例分别是：86.1%、83.8%、76.6%、72.5%、64.3%和46.3%；Hg、As的主要输入源为磷肥，其分别占总输入量的比例是52.6%和49.5%；大气沉降也是农田土壤中Hg的重要输入源之一。华北农田小麦-玉米轮作体系秸秆还田和地下水灌溉条件下土壤重金属元素累积速率的中位值分别为：Cd 0.00238 mg·kg-1·a-1，As 0.0298 mg·kg-1·a-1，Hg 0.00109 mg·kg-1·a-1，Pb 0.0507 mg·kg-1·a-1，Cr 0.0502 mg·kg-1·a-1， Cu 0.110 mg·kg-1·a-1，Zn 0.348 mg·kg-1·a-1，Ni 0.0393 mg·kg-1·a-1。根据我国土壤环境质量II级标准（GB 15618-1995），本体系和条件下土壤中Cd、Cr、Ni最易超标，在农田土壤重金属污染防治中应重点关注。
通過文獻查閱和採樣分析，建立華北農田小麥-玉米輪作體繫下土壤重金屬輸入、輸齣數據庫，分析不同重金屬輸入源所佔比例；通過模型計算不同情景下土壤中不同重金屬元素纍積速率和纍積速率的頻率分佈，分析土壤不同重金屬的積纍特徵。結果錶明，本輪作體繫和條件下，Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr 6種重金屬元素的主要輸入源為畜禽糞便有機肥，其佔總輸入量的比例分彆是：86.1%、83.8%、76.6%、72.5%、64.3%和46.3%；Hg、As的主要輸入源為燐肥，其分彆佔總輸入量的比例是52.6%和49.5%；大氣沉降也是農田土壤中Hg的重要輸入源之一。華北農田小麥-玉米輪作體繫秸稈還田和地下水灌溉條件下土壤重金屬元素纍積速率的中位值分彆為：Cd 0.00238 mg·kg-1·a-1，As 0.0298 mg·kg-1·a-1，Hg 0.00109 mg·kg-1·a-1，Pb 0.0507 mg·kg-1·a-1，Cr 0.0502 mg·kg-1·a-1， Cu 0.110 mg·kg-1·a-1，Zn 0.348 mg·kg-1·a-1，Ni 0.0393 mg·kg-1·a-1。根據我國土壤環境質量II級標準（GB 15618-1995），本體繫和條件下土壤中Cd、Cr、Ni最易超標，在農田土壤重金屬汙染防治中應重點關註。
통과문헌사열화채양분석，건립화북농전소맥-옥미륜작체계하토양중금속수입、수출수거고，분석불동중금속수입원소점비례；통과모형계산불동정경하토양중불동중금속원소루적속솔화루적속솔적빈솔분포，분석토양불동중금속적적루특정。결과표명，본륜작체계화조건하，Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr 6충중금속원소적주요수입원위축금분편유궤비，기점총수입량적비례분별시：86.1%、83.8%、76.6%、72.5%、64.3%화46.3%；Hg、As적주요수입원위린비，기분별점총수입량적비례시52.6%화49.5%；대기침강야시농전토양중Hg적중요수입원지일。화북농전소맥-옥미륜작체계갈간환전화지하수관개조건하토양중금속원소루적속솔적중위치분별위：Cd 0.00238 mg·kg-1·a-1，As 0.0298 mg·kg-1·a-1，Hg 0.00109 mg·kg-1·a-1，Pb 0.0507 mg·kg-1·a-1，Cr 0.0502 mg·kg-1·a-1， Cu 0.110 mg·kg-1·a-1，Zn 0.348 mg·kg-1·a-1，Ni 0.0393 mg·kg-1·a-1。근거아국토양배경질량II급표준（GB 15618-1995），본체계화조건하토양중Cd、Cr、Ni최역초표，재농전토양중금속오염방치중응중점관주。
Through literatures review and samplings analysis, the database of heavy metal in wheat-corn field system of north China was built and the percentage of different sourcees was analysed. The accumulation rate and frequency distribution of accumulation rate of heavy metals in different situations were counted by modeling, and accumulation characteristics of different elements were analysed. The result showed that the manure was the main source of Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr in wheat-corn field system of north China farmland, with the percentage of 86.1%、83.8%、76.6%、72.5%、64.3%and 46.3%, respectively;Phosphate fertilizer was the main source of Hg and As, the percentage of them were 52.6%and 49.5%, respectively;Besides, atmospheric deposition was also one of the main sources of Hg in the farmland soil. According to the accumulation rate frequency distribution, accumulation rate of each elements was Cd 0.002 38 mg·kg-1·a-1, As 0.029 8 mg·kg-1·a-1, Hg 0.001 09 mg·kg-1·a-1, Pb 0.050 7 mg·kg-1·a-1, Cr 0.050 2 mg·kg-1·a-1, Cu 0.110 mg·kg-1·a-1, Zn 0.348 mg·kg-1·a-1, Ni 0.039 3 mg·kg-1·a-1, respectively. According to the soil environmental quality secondary standards, Cd、Cr、Ni was most likely to exceed the standard, so these three elements should be caused more concern.
