CAJ | 학술논문

为分析黑粒小麦种皮颜色的遗传特性，以普通小麦苏2051与郑麦9023杂交组合中筛选获得的种皮颜色为深紫色的突变体小麦品系宁0726为材料，分别与3个红粒小麦和2个白粒小麦配制了10个正反交组合，观察F1、F2及F2：3代种皮颜色，并分析其遗传。结果显示，小麦种皮紫色性状表现为母性影响，由细胞核基因所决定，紫色对红色和白色呈显性。宁0726与红粒及白粒小麦杂交的F2：3代种皮颜色，均符合9(紫)：7(红或白)分离规律，说明紫色种皮受2对显性互补基因控制；同一组合的F2：3代各紫粒单株间紫色有深浅之分，说明这2对显性互补基因还具有剂量效应。利用黑粒小麦与红粒或白粒小麦品种间杂交，可以创制黑粒小麦新种质。
위분석흑립소맥충피안색적유전특성，이보통소맥소2051여정맥9023잡교조합중사선획득적충피안색위심자색적돌변체소맥품계저0726위재료，분별여3개홍립소맥화2개백립소맥배제료10개정반교조합，관찰F1、F2급F2：3대충피안색，병분석기유전。결과현시，소맥충피자색성상표현위모성영향，유세포핵기인소결정，자색대홍색화백색정현성。저0726여홍립급백립소맥잡교적F2：3대충피안색，균부합9(자)：7(홍혹백)분리규률，설명자색충피수2대현성호보기인공제；동일조합적F2：3대각자립단주간자색유심천지분，설명저2대현성호보기인환구유제량효응。이용흑립소맥여홍립혹백립소맥품충간잡교，가이창제흑립소맥신충질。
Black-grained wheat is a type of special germplasm with special values in nutrition. Understanding the ge-netic pattern of its grain coat color is helpful for developing new black-grained wheat varieties and creating germplasm. Ning 0726, a wheat mutant with purple grain coat obtained from the cross Su2051 and Zhengmai 9023, was crossed with three red-grained wheat varieties (Yangmai 11, Ningmai 8 and Ning 0775) and two white-grained wheat varieties (Huaimai 18 and Yumai 50) to study the inheritance of grain coat color through F1 , F2 , and F2 : 3 segregations. The results showed that the maternal inheritance of purple grain coat color, was controlled by nuclear genes, and the purple color was dominant to red or white. The purple grain coat color was controlled by two pairs of dominant and complementary genes, which was veri-fied by the segregation ratio of nine ( purple) to seven ( non purple) in F2 : 3 generation. The dosage effect for purple genes was also found based on the color difference in F2 : 3 generation individuals. Developing black-grained wheat variety through intervarietal hybridization was feasible.