科学学与科学技术管理
科學學與科學技術管理
과학학여과학기술관리
SCIENCE OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF S.&.T.
2014年
8期
3-10
,共8页
公众%科技%风险感知%决策困惑
公衆%科技%風險感知%決策睏惑
공음%과기%풍험감지%결책곤혹
public%science and technology%risk perception%decisions making dilemma%the empirical investigation
目前科技决策的制定还使用基于定量的风险评估与标准化的方法，缺乏对公众风险感知的考虑，使隐含着复杂社会、心理、行为等因素的科技决策问题，被局限在纯科学议程的藩篱中，缺乏多元化视角。基于问卷调查的方法，通过了解公众对科技风险的认知、感知与评价，揭示其对科技决策的出台造成一定的“困惑”：标准制定的模糊性；科技决策的不确定性；议程设置的困境；两难悖论的选择及其分配的尴尬。通过考虑公众的风险感知，建立“民主模型”，正视理性不信任的功效，提升科技决策的民主化与科学化水平。
目前科技決策的製定還使用基于定量的風險評估與標準化的方法，缺乏對公衆風險感知的攷慮，使隱含著複雜社會、心理、行為等因素的科技決策問題，被跼限在純科學議程的藩籬中，缺乏多元化視角。基于問捲調查的方法，通過瞭解公衆對科技風險的認知、感知與評價，揭示其對科技決策的齣檯造成一定的“睏惑”：標準製定的模糊性；科技決策的不確定性；議程設置的睏境；兩難悖論的選擇及其分配的尷尬。通過攷慮公衆的風險感知，建立“民主模型”，正視理性不信任的功效，提升科技決策的民主化與科學化水平。
목전과기결책적제정환사용기우정량적풍험평고여표준화적방법，결핍대공음풍험감지적고필，사은함착복잡사회、심리、행위등인소적과기결책문제，피국한재순과학의정적번리중，결핍다원화시각。기우문권조사적방법，통과료해공음대과기풍험적인지、감지여평개，게시기대과기결책적출태조성일정적“곤혹”：표준제정적모호성；과기결책적불학정성；의정설치적곤경；량난패론적선택급기분배적감개。통과고필공음적풍험감지，건립“민주모형”，정시이성불신임적공효，제승과기결책적민주화여과학화수평。
Current technology decision making is still basically limited risk assessment based on quantitative and standardized methods, lacking of the consideration of public risk perception, so that the technological decision problem impling complex social, psychological, behavioral factors, which is confined to purely scientific barriers and lack of diversification perspective. Based on survey methods, by understanding the public's awareness, percep-tion and evaluation to technology risk, which reveal its bring the certain dilemma to science and technology deci-sion-making: Normative ambiguity; technological uncertainty in decision-making; agenda-setting dilemma; selection Paradox and allocation embarrassment. By considering the risk to the public perception, establishing a 'democrat-ic model', facing the efficacy of irrational distrust, that enhance the democratic and scientific level of science and technology decision-making.
