CAJ | 학술논문

为研究长期定位施用沼液对水旱轮作耕层土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响，在四川省邛崃市固驿镇黑石村黄壤性水稻土上设置12个处理（1个清水对照，1个常规施肥对照，10个不同施用量的纯沼液处理），采集连续三年“水稻-油菜”轮作后的耕层土壤，研究了土壤微生物区系及酶活性的变化。结果表明，与清水对照和常规施肥相比，施用沼液会降低土壤细菌/真菌（B/F）值，增加微生物数量并提高土壤酶活性；随沼液施用量增加，细菌数量不断增加，放线菌、真菌数量和土壤过氧化氢酶活性均先升高后降低，土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势；当三年沼液施用总量控制在495.31~546.32 t·hm-2时，土壤微生物数量和酶活性均处于较高水平。长期施用沼液有利于土壤微生物生长和酶活性提高，但对土壤微生态平衡及土壤质量存在潜在威胁。
위연구장기정위시용소액대수한륜작경층토양미생물구계급매활성적영향，재사천성공래시고역진흑석촌황양성수도토상설치12개처리（1개청수대조，1개상규시비대조，10개불동시용량적순소액처리），채집련속삼년“수도-유채”륜작후적경층토양，연구료토양미생물구계급매활성적변화。결과표명，여청수대조화상규시비상비，시용소액회강저토양세균/진균（B/F）치，증가미생물수량병제고토양매활성；수소액시용량증가，세균수량불단증가，방선균、진균수량화토양과양화경매활성균선승고후강저，토양뇨매화자당매활성정선강저후승고재강저적추세；당삼년소액시용총량공제재495.31~546.32 t·hm-2시，토양미생물수량화매활성균처우교고수평。장기시용소액유리우토양미생물생장화매활성제고，단대토양미생태평형급토양질량존재잠재위협。
Biogas slurry contains plant nutrients and growth hormones, which may promote plant growth and in turn impact soil microorgan-isms and their activities. The influence of long-term applications of biogas slurry on microorganism community and enzyme activities was ex-amined in yellow soil under rice-rape rotation in Heishi village of Sichuan Province. Twelve treatments(one clean water control, one con-ventional fertilizer, and ten different rates of pure biogas slurry were designed. Three year applications of biogas slurry reduced the bacterial to fungal ratio(B/F), increased microbial population and enzymatic activities. As biogas slurry rates increased, however, bacterial population increased continuously, whereas actinomyces and fungi and catalase activity increased initially and then decreased but urease and sucrase activities showed"decrease-increase-decrease"pattern. At 495.31~546.32 t·hm-2 of biogas slurry, both soil microorganisms and enzymatic activities remained at a relatively high level over the three year period. This result suggests that long-term application of biogas slurry could improve soil microorganism and enzyme activities.