CAJ | 학술논문

以于桥水库流域内24个采样点的水质营养盐监测数据为基础，分析了流域水质氮磷的空间异质性。运用聚类分析将24个子流域分成3组，即受工业污染源和居民生活污水污染严重的高度污染组（A组），坡度较大且受果园土壤侵蚀带来的氮磷污染物影响严重的中度污染组（B组），地势低平且无明显聚集性人为干扰的低污染组（C组），而且发现在城镇化格局影响下总氮污染空间差异相对其他指标较小。结合2013年ETM遥感影像解译的土地利用现状图，探讨了流域景观格局与河流水体中营养盐浓度的相关关系。结果表明，流域内“源汇”特性明显：耕地面积比与总氮（TN）和磷酸盐（PO3-4-P）存在显著的正相关性，与溶解性总磷（DTP）存在极显著的正相关性；城市建设用地面积比与DTP、TN和氨氮（NH+4-N）有显著的正相关性，与PO3-4-P表现为极显著的相关性；园地的面积比对TN和NH+4-N具有显著的正相关性；林地是本流域主要的“汇”型景观，其面积比和NH+4-N有显著的负相关关系，相关系数为-0.459。从景观水平上看，在本流域内景观格局指数与磷含量具有一定的相关性，各景观指数对与地形因素有关的水土侵蚀量较为敏感。斑块数（NP）、斑块密度（PD）和最大斑块指数（LSI）都与磷含量有明显的正相关，流域内斑块数量越多、景观类型和形状越复杂，水质越容易受到氮磷污染。
이우교수고류역내24개채양점적수질영양염감측수거위기출，분석료류역수질담린적공간이질성。운용취류분석장24개자류역분성3조，즉수공업오염원화거민생활오수오염엄중적고도오염조（A조），파도교대차수과완토양침식대래적담린오염물영향엄중적중도오염조（B조），지세저평차무명현취집성인위간우적저오염조（C조），이차발현재성진화격국영향하총담오염공간차이상대기타지표교소。결합2013년ETM요감영상해역적토지이용현상도，탐토료류역경관격국여하류수체중영양염농도적상관관계。결과표명，류역내“원회”특성명현：경지면적비여총담（TN）화린산염（PO3-4-P）존재현저적정상관성，여용해성총린（DTP）존재겁현저적정상관성；성시건설용지면적비여DTP、TN화안담（NH+4-N）유현저적정상관성，여PO3-4-P표현위겁현저적상관성；완지적면적비대TN화NH+4-N구유현저적정상관성；임지시본류역주요적“회”형경관，기면적비화NH+4-N유현저적부상관관계，상관계수위-0.459。종경관수평상간，재본류역내경관격국지수여린함량구유일정적상관성，각경관지수대여지형인소유관적수토침식량교위민감。반괴수（NP）、반괴밀도（PD）화최대반괴지수（LSI）도여린함량유명현적정상관，류역내반괴수량월다、경관류형화형상월복잡，수질월용역수도담린오염。
Water quality is often influenced by landscape patterns in a basin. Here we collected water samples from 24 locations in Yuqiao Reservoir Basin, Tianjin, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen and phosphorus in water using cluster analysis and explored its relationship with landscape spatial patterns. Spatially, these sampling points were divided into 3 groups:Group A, highly polluted sites where water quality was mostly influenced by partially industrial effluents and domestic wastewater; Group B, moderately polluted sites where water quality was mainly affected by soil erosion from orchards due to the slope;and Group C, relatively less polluted sites where the terrain is low and there was little human impact. The percentage of cropland area was positively correlated with TN, PO 3-4-P and DTP, while that of construction area was positively correlated with DTP, TN, NH-N and PO3-4-P. The proportion of garden area was positively correlated with TN and NH+4-N. However, the ratio of woodland area was negatively correlated with NH+4-N(r=-0.459). At class-level, landscape indices-number of patches(NP), patch density(PD)and landscape shape index(LSI)were all positively correlated with water phosphorus. Landscape indices were good indicators of water and soil erosion. Our results show that greater fragmentation, larger diversity and more scat-tered distribution of landscape would cause more nutrient losses.