CAJ | 학술논문

在大田条件下，采用完全随机区组试验方法研究生物有机肥施用期对香蕉枯萎病和土壤微生物的影响。结果表明，在基肥期（BOF1）和营养生长期（BOF2）施用生物有机肥对香蕉生长表现出明显的促进作用，移栽后第270 d，BOF1和BOF2处理的茎围、叶宽和产量均高于其他处理，BOF2处理小区平均产量高达288 kg，显著高于其余各组处理。在香蕉营养生长期施用生物有机肥，可以延迟香蕉枯萎病的发病时间，显著降低香蕉植株的发病程度。移栽后第270 d，BOF2处理的病情指数比施化肥处理（CF）低54%，将CF处理防效指定为0，防病效果达到52.5%。施用生物有机肥可以提高土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量，降低真菌数量，其中以BOF2处理效果最为明显。从移栽后第90 d开始，BOF2处理的细菌数量为26.67×106 cfu·g-1，到第270 d时数量达到64×106 cfu·g-1，始终显著高于其他各处理；在移栽后第180 d时，BOF2处理的放线菌数量比施有机肥处理（OF）增加了95.6%，第270 d时BOF2放线菌数量最高，为23.15×103 cfu·g-1。施用生物有机肥可不同程度地提高土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。病情指数与土壤中细菌、放线菌含量呈显著负相关，与真菌呈显著正相关。在香蕉营养生长期施用生物有机肥更有利于改善土壤微生物结构，提高土壤酶活性，延缓和降低香蕉枯萎病的发生，提高香蕉产量。
재대전조건하，채용완전수궤구조시험방법연구생물유궤비시용기대향초고위병화토양미생물적영향。결과표명，재기비기（BOF1）화영양생장기（BOF2）시용생물유궤비대향초생장표현출명현적촉진작용，이재후제270 d，BOF1화BOF2처리적경위、협관화산량균고우기타처리，BOF2처리소구평균산량고체288 kg，현저고우기여각조처리。재향초영양생장기시용생물유궤비，가이연지향초고위병적발병시간，현저강저향초식주적발병정도。이재후제270 d，BOF2처리적병정지수비시화비처리（CF）저54%，장CF처리방효지정위0，방병효과체도52.5%。시용생물유궤비가이제고토양중세균화방선균적수량，강저진균수량，기중이BOF2처리효과최위명현。종이재후제90 d개시，BOF2처리적세균수량위26.67×106 cfu·g-1，도제270 d시수량체도64×106 cfu·g-1，시종현저고우기타각처리；재이재후제180 d시，BOF2처리적방선균수량비시유궤비처리（OF）증가료95.6%，제270 d시BOF2방선균수량최고，위23.15×103 cfu·g-1。시용생물유궤비가불동정도지제고토양과양화경매、자당매、뇨매화산성린산매적활성。병정지수여토양중세균、방선균함량정현저부상관，여진균정현저정상관。재향초영양생장기시용생물유궤비경유리우개선토양미생물결구，제고토양매활성，연완화강저향초고위병적발생，제고향초산량。
Banana Fusarium Wilt, a soil borne diseases caused by a fungus, has severely affected banana production. Under field conditions, the effects of biological fertilizer on Banana Fusarium Wilt and soil microorganisms were studied using a completely randomized block de-sign. At basal and vegetative stages, applying biological fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer obviously promoted banana growth, lead-ing to greater stem diameter, blade width and yields of banana after 270 d of transplanting than at other growth stages. When processed in BOF2, the average output of banana per district was up to 288 kg, significantly higher than the rest treatments. Applying biological fertilizer during vegetative period significantly reduced the occurrence of banana wilt and delayed the onset of banana wilt. Compared with the chemi-cal fertilizer control, the disease index was decreased by 54%by biological fertilizer applied at vegetative growth stage. Application of bio-logical fertilizer at the basal stage improved the population of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, but reduced that of fungi. Soil catalase, inver-tase, urease and acid phosphatase activities were all improved by biological fertilizer. The disease index was significantly negatively corre-lated with the number of both bacteria and actinomycetes in soil, but significantly positively with the number of fungi in soil. The findings suggest that application of biological fertilizer at banana vegetative period could improve soil microorganism structure, promote soil enzyme activities, and reduce and/or delay banana wilt disease occurrence.