CAJ | 학술논문

为研究长期不同施肥措施对典型土壤中铜、锌、镉形态分布特征及生物有效性的影响，采用BCR连续提取法测定了黑土、潮土和红壤在20多年不同施肥措施（不施肥、施化肥、化肥有机肥配施）下土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd形态的含量。结果表明，黑土施用磷肥提高了Cu、Zn的酸提取态和氧化物结合态比例，施用有机肥增加了土壤Cu、Zn的酸提取态和有机结合态比例，降低了Cd的有机结合态比例；潮土单施化肥或配施有机肥均能提高酸提取态、氧化物结合态和有机结合态Zn比例；红壤施磷肥提高了Zn的酸提取态和有机结合态比例，施有机肥提高了Cu、Zn氧化物结合态和有机结合态比例。对作物籽粒和秸秆Cu、Zn、Cd浓度与其在土壤中各形态含量作逐步回归分析表明，黑土中Cu、Zn、Cd的生物有效态以酸提取态为主；潮土中Zn、Cd的生物有效态以氧化物结合态和有机结合态为主；红壤中土壤酸提取态、氧化物结合态和有机物结合态Cu、Zn、Cd都具有一定的生物有效性。Cu、Zn、Cd总量和EDTA-可提取态是黑土和红壤重金属形态的主要影响因子。
위연구장기불동시비조시대전형토양중동、자、력형태분포특정급생물유효성적영향，채용BCR련속제취법측정료흑토、조토화홍양재20다년불동시비조시（불시비、시화비、화비유궤비배시）하토양중Cu、Zn、Cd형태적함량。결과표명，흑토시용린비제고료Cu、Zn적산제취태화양화물결합태비례，시용유궤비증가료토양Cu、Zn적산제취태화유궤결합태비례，강저료Cd적유궤결합태비례；조토단시화비혹배시유궤비균능제고산제취태、양화물결합태화유궤결합태Zn비례；홍양시린비제고료Zn적산제취태화유궤결합태비례，시유궤비제고료Cu、Zn양화물결합태화유궤결합태비례。대작물자립화갈간Cu、Zn、Cd농도여기재토양중각형태함량작축보회귀분석표명，흑토중Cu、Zn、Cd적생물유효태이산제취태위주；조토중Zn、Cd적생물유효태이양화물결합태화유궤결합태위주；홍양중토양산제취태、양화물결합태화유궤물결합태Cu、Zn、Cd도구유일정적생물유효성。Cu、Zn、Cd총량화EDTA-가제취태시흑토화홍양중금속형태적주요영향인자。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different long-term fertilization practices on fractionations and bioavail-ability of Cu, Zn, and Cd in different soils. BCR extraction procedure was used to determine the fractionations of Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil sam-ples collected from black soil, fluvo-aquic soil and red soil under different fertilization practices i.e. CK, NK, NPK, and NPKM for more than 20-years. In black soil, application of P fertilizers increased the ratios of acid extractable and reducible fractions of Cu and Zn, while organic manures increased the ratios of acid extractable and organic-bonded Cu and Zn, but reduced the proportion of organic-bonded Cd. In fluvo-aquic soil, applying NPK or NPKM increased the proportions of acid extractable, reducible and organic-bonded Zn. In red soil, P fertilizer application increased portions of acid extractable and organic-bonded Zn, and manure addition increased fractions of reducible and organic-bonded Cu and Zn. Stepwise regression analysis between the content of heavy metals in crops and different fractions in soils indicat-ed that the bioavailable fraction of Zn, Cu, and Cd was primarily acid extractable factions in black soil, and acid extractable, reducible and organic-bonded fractions in red soil. In fluvo-aquic soil, reducible and organic-bonded Zn and Cd were most bioavailable fractions. The to-tal and EDTA extractable Zn, Cu and Cd profoundly influenced their fractionations in black and red soil.