CAJ | 학술논문

根据生长季末草地产量，利用草地利用率等校正系数校正，除以家畜牧草需求量，是草地载畜量最基本的计算方法。但在草地产量及其测定时间跨度、草地利用率和家畜折算系数等参数的确定上存在争议。基于放牧压力或家畜采食量需求的家畜单位用于不同畜种的折算，牛单位和羊单位是常采用的家畜单位，但家畜单位主要依据家畜活体重量确定，对家畜代谢体重，以及混群放牧中因家畜食性差异造成的采食重叠考虑不足；草地利用率是放牧管理的重要参数，主要根据放牧经验和试验方法确定，实际应用中通常遵循“采食一半、保留一半”的经验法则，但在不同草地类型、地形差异、水源距离等因素影响下，草地利用率并不确定，其估计和测定方法也存在争议。此外，不同草地利用率下的草地载畜量差异很大。本文结合国内外研究进展，综述了草地载畜量估算中草地产量、草地利用率、家畜单位等参数的概念、确定方法和应用上的争议，总结草地载畜量的计算方法及校正因子，以期为草地放牧管理决策提供参考。
근거생장계말초지산량，이용초지이용솔등교정계수교정，제이가축목초수구량，시초지재축량최기본적계산방법。단재초지산량급기측정시간과도、초지이용솔화가축절산계수등삼수적학정상존재쟁의。기우방목압력혹가축채식량수구적가축단위용우불동축충적절산，우단위화양단위시상채용적가축단위，단가축단위주요의거가축활체중량학정，대가축대사체중，이급혼군방목중인가축식성차이조성적채식중첩고필불족；초지이용솔시방목관리적중요삼수，주요근거방목경험화시험방법학정，실제응용중통상준순“채식일반、보류일반”적경험법칙，단재불동초지류형、지형차이、수원거리등인소영향하，초지이용솔병불학정，기고계화측정방법야존재쟁의。차외，불동초지이용솔하적초지재축량차이흔대。본문결합국내외연구진전，종술료초지재축량고산중초지산량、초지이용솔、가축단위등삼수적개념、학정방법화응용상적쟁의，총결초지재축량적계산방법급교정인자，이기위초지방목관리결책제공삼고。
The traditional technique for determining grassland carrying capacity (CC)is to calculate the total a-mount of forage at the end of the growing season,multiply this by a correction factor,and then divide by the average yearly feed requirements of a livestock unit.But there has been no consensus on the correction factors and time span.For convenience of management,ananimal unit (AU)is defined,based on the grazing pressure on grassland or grass consumption of certain specific animals,as the standard so other animals can be converted into animal units by comparing the same items.Currently,the most widely used animal units are animal unit (cow unit)and sheep unit (SU).But the AU is often defined on a live body weight (LBW)basis,which does not distinguish between physiological stages that may affect forage intake.What’s more,some forage species are not preferred by some kinds of livestock,and some ranges are better suited to one kind of livestock than to another;Animal units for different animal species should be adj usted based on the average dietary overlaps of these animal species on a specific type of range for calculating pasture-specific substitution ratios.It is impor-tant for pastoralist to be aware of use levels,residual vegetation and other grazing impacts during the period of use as well as utilization at the end of the growing season.Various methods were developed to estimate proper utilization rates,which can fall into two categories:estimation and measurement.The rule-of-thumb takes half-leave,half-use has been a standard in the range management profession for years.But forage output fluctuates considerably between years in response to changing climatic conditions and the concept of utilization rates means how it should be used in pasture management and has led to some confusion because a variety of ways in calculating pasture utilization rates are often not clearly defined.Furthermore,the choice of a proper use value has a profound effect on the estimate of CC.Based on research progress,the concept,measurement method and application dispute of parameters such as grassland output,proper utilization rate,livestock substitute rate etal.for CC calculation are summarized.The calculation method and adjustment factors for CC are also sum-marized to provide reference for grazing management decisions.