草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2014年
4期
87-93
,共7页
木地肤%开花动态%花粉活力%柱头可授性
木地膚%開花動態%花粉活力%柱頭可授性
목지부%개화동태%화분활력%주두가수성
Kochia prostrata%floral dynamics%pollen viability%stigma receptivity
在自然种群中对木地肤的开花物候、开花动态进行观察，用 MTT法测定了木地肤单花花粉的活力及其柱头的可授性。结果表明，木地肤生殖枝穗状花序的开花顺序是：中上部→下部→顶部，叶腋聚头状花序的开放顺序是：中央小花→外轮小花；木地肤单花花期分为雌性亚期和雄性亚期，雌性亚期10～12 d，雄性亚期1 d；木地肤有红黄两种颜色柱头，雄蕊有红黄两种颜色花药，自然种群中花有4种不同的柱头花药组合类型；木地肤的花粉活力在盛花期＞80％，4～8 h内花粉活力最高，之后活力明显下降，黄色花药的花粉寿命（8 h）长于红色花药内花粉寿命（4 h）；木地肤红色和黄色柱头的可授性变化趋势一致，柱头在刚露出花被片时就具有可授性，并随柱头生长持续加强，在第8～12天时可授性最强，柱头可授期长达12 d，占单花花期的92．3％；P/O（花粉/胚珠）比值为61900～64200，属于异交繁育系统。对开花动态与花粉活力及柱头可授性的研究将为探讨其繁育系统进化及生态适应机制提供科学依据，并为新疆荒漠地区饲用半灌木良种的繁育提供基础资料。
在自然種群中對木地膚的開花物候、開花動態進行觀察，用 MTT法測定瞭木地膚單花花粉的活力及其柱頭的可授性。結果錶明，木地膚生殖枝穗狀花序的開花順序是：中上部→下部→頂部，葉腋聚頭狀花序的開放順序是：中央小花→外輪小花；木地膚單花花期分為雌性亞期和雄性亞期，雌性亞期10～12 d，雄性亞期1 d；木地膚有紅黃兩種顏色柱頭，雄蕊有紅黃兩種顏色花藥，自然種群中花有4種不同的柱頭花藥組閤類型；木地膚的花粉活力在盛花期＞80％，4～8 h內花粉活力最高，之後活力明顯下降，黃色花藥的花粉壽命（8 h）長于紅色花藥內花粉壽命（4 h）；木地膚紅色和黃色柱頭的可授性變化趨勢一緻，柱頭在剛露齣花被片時就具有可授性，併隨柱頭生長持續加彊，在第8～12天時可授性最彊，柱頭可授期長達12 d，佔單花花期的92．3％；P/O（花粉/胚珠）比值為61900～64200，屬于異交繁育繫統。對開花動態與花粉活力及柱頭可授性的研究將為探討其繁育繫統進化及生態適應機製提供科學依據，併為新疆荒漠地區飼用半灌木良種的繁育提供基礎資料。
재자연충군중대목지부적개화물후、개화동태진행관찰，용 MTT법측정료목지부단화화분적활력급기주두적가수성。결과표명，목지부생식지수상화서적개화순서시：중상부→하부→정부，협액취두상화서적개방순서시：중앙소화→외륜소화；목지부단화화기분위자성아기화웅성아기，자성아기10～12 d，웅성아기1 d；목지부유홍황량충안색주두，웅예유홍황량충안색화약，자연충군중화유4충불동적주두화약조합류형；목지부적화분활력재성화기＞80％，4～8 h내화분활력최고，지후활력명현하강，황색화약적화분수명（8 h）장우홍색화약내화분수명（4 h）；목지부홍색화황색주두적가수성변화추세일치，주두재강로출화피편시취구유가수성，병수주두생장지속가강，재제8～12천시가수성최강，주두가수기장체12 d，점단화화기적92．3％；P/O（화분/배주）비치위61900～64200，속우이교번육계통。대개화동태여화분활력급주두가수성적연구장위탐토기번육계통진화급생태괄응궤제제공과학의거，병위신강황막지구사용반관목량충적번육제공기출자료。
Kochia prostrata is subshrub of Chenopodiaceae and fine pasture inhabiting arid zone.Flowering phenology,flowering dynamic,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of K. prostrata were studied.For spi-cate inflorescence of K. prostrata middle flowers bloomed first,then lower flowers,the upper flowers bloomed at last.For a poly-capitulum,central florets bloomed earlier than bilateral ones.The flowering course of single flower of this species can be divided into female subage and male subage.The female subage can lasted 10 to 12 days and the male subage was 1 day.This species produces two types stigmas and anthers in colour (red and yellow).There are four combination types of stigma and anther in the K. prostrata population.The pollen via-bility of K. prostrata was highest at initial stage (>80%),higher on the 4 to 8 hours after flowering,and then reduced evidently.The pollen viability of yellow-anthers are longer than the red-stigmas.The change tendency of receptivity of the two colour stigmas is similar.The stigma receptivity appeared on the first day of stigma showing from tepals,and then enhanced with the growth of stigma.The stigma receptivity were high-est on the 8 to 12 days after flowering.The period of stigma receptivity was about 12 days,account for 92.3%of single flower blooming.The pollen-ovule ratio (P/O)of K. prostrata was 61900-64200.Based on Cruden’s criterion,the breeding system would be outcross.Floral dynamics,pollen viability and stigma recep-tivity have significant value to understanding the evolution of breeding system and the ecological adaptive mech-anism.
