作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA
2014年
8期
1513-1519
,共7页
花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)%双受精%合子%合子休眠期%初生胚乳核
花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)%雙受精%閤子%閤子休眠期%初生胚乳覈
화생(Arachis hypogaea L.)%쌍수정%합자%합자휴면기%초생배유핵
Arachis hypogaea L.%Fertilization%Zygocyte%Zygote dormancy%Primary endosperm nucleus
通过石蜡切片技术研究了花生双受精作用的全过程,结果表明,开花后1h花生的花粉管内的生殖细胞进入有丝分裂,大约3h完成。开花后8h左右精子已经释放到胚囊,开花后9~13h精核分别与卵细胞和极核或次生核融合。卵细胞受精之后,直到开花后30 h合子中的2个核仁渐渐融合,进入分裂期,合子多数是横分裂,少部分纵分裂,开花后32 h合子分裂形成二细胞原胚。合子休眠期为19 h,极核在受精之前一部分融合成次生核,极核或次生核受精之后,在开花后13 h 几乎大部分融合结束,其中的一个极核或次生核中出现雄性核仁,形成初生胚乳核,初生胚乳核不经休眠或极短时间的休眠在开花后15 h分裂。本研究提供了花生受精过程的雌雄性细胞融合形态变化与相应经历的时间。确定了花生合子休眠期,丰富了花生胚胎学资料,对花生育种、转基因操作等具有重要意义。
通過石蠟切片技術研究瞭花生雙受精作用的全過程,結果錶明,開花後1h花生的花粉管內的生殖細胞進入有絲分裂,大約3h完成。開花後8h左右精子已經釋放到胚囊,開花後9~13h精覈分彆與卵細胞和極覈或次生覈融閤。卵細胞受精之後,直到開花後30 h閤子中的2箇覈仁漸漸融閤,進入分裂期,閤子多數是橫分裂,少部分縱分裂,開花後32 h閤子分裂形成二細胞原胚。閤子休眠期為19 h,極覈在受精之前一部分融閤成次生覈,極覈或次生覈受精之後,在開花後13 h 幾乎大部分融閤結束,其中的一箇極覈或次生覈中齣現雄性覈仁,形成初生胚乳覈,初生胚乳覈不經休眠或極短時間的休眠在開花後15 h分裂。本研究提供瞭花生受精過程的雌雄性細胞融閤形態變化與相應經歷的時間。確定瞭花生閤子休眠期,豐富瞭花生胚胎學資料,對花生育種、轉基因操作等具有重要意義。
통과석사절편기술연구료화생쌍수정작용적전과정,결과표명,개화후1h화생적화분관내적생식세포진입유사분렬,대약3h완성。개화후8h좌우정자이경석방도배낭,개화후9~13h정핵분별여란세포화겁핵혹차생핵융합。란세포수정지후,직도개화후30 h합자중적2개핵인점점융합,진입분렬기,합자다수시횡분렬,소부분종분렬,개화후32 h합자분렬형성이세포원배。합자휴면기위19 h,겁핵재수정지전일부분융합성차생핵,겁핵혹차생핵수정지후,재개화후13 h 궤호대부분융합결속,기중적일개겁핵혹차생핵중출현웅성핵인,형성초생배유핵,초생배유핵불경휴면혹겁단시간적휴면재개화후15 h분렬。본연구제공료화생수정과정적자웅성세포융합형태변화여상응경력적시간。학정료화생합자휴면기,봉부료화생배태학자료,대화생육충、전기인조작등구유중요의의。
We used paraffin section technology to observe fertilization and duration of phased in fertilization of Arachis hypogaea L. The results indicated that reproductive cell in the pollen came into mitosis tube one hour after bloom, the mitosis lasted about three hours. Sperms released to embryonary sac at about eight hours after flowering. Sperm and egg cell or polar nucleus or sec-ondary nucleus fused from nine to fifteen hours after flowering. Fusion needed about four hours. There were obvious isometrical two nuclei in the zygote at 30 hours after the two nucleole fusion, which came into division stage. Most of zygote had transverse division, and a few longitudinal division. First division needed about 36 hours after bloom, then formed two-cell proembryo and zygote had a dormant period for about 19 hours. After polar nucleus or secondary nucleus fertilization, almost the fusion com-pleted in 13 hours after bloom, and male nucleolus appeared in one of polar nucleus or secondary nucleus, forming primary en-dosperm nucleus. The primary endodperm nucleus started division without domancy or after short dormant period in 15 hours after bloom. There were more sperms coming into embryonary sat and also single fertilization phenomenon. This study provides a understanding for morphological changed and corresponding timing of male and female cells in peanut fertiligation, confirms the duration of zygote dormancy, and enriches the peanut embryological information, which has great significance for peanut breed-ing and genetically modified (gm) operation.
