CAJ | 학술논문

以粳稻武运粳23和超级杂交籼稻Y两优2号为供试品种,应用15N示踪方法研究不同时期施肥对水稻不同阶段氮肥利用率的影响,以确定不同时期施肥的最佳阶段氮肥利用率。结果表明,基肥在基肥阶段(移栽后的8d 左右)的吸收利用较低,2012年水稻基肥氮(15N)吸收量不到5 kg hm-2,2013年最大为7.5 kg hm-2,回收利用率在1.5%~11.5%之间；基肥主要是在蘖肥阶段(分蘖肥与穗肥之间)被吸收,其回收利用率在6.6%~24.9%之间,平均为15.6%；穗肥阶段(穗肥后到成熟)基本不再吸收基肥。基肥氮的总体恢复利用效率不高,在9.1%~22.8%之间,品种及氮肥运筹对基肥氮的总体恢复利用效率影响不显著。蘖肥主要在蘖肥阶段发生作用,施穗肥后水稻基本不再吸收蘖肥。蘖肥的总体恢复吸收利用率和基肥相当,在17%~34%之间, Y两优2号高于武运粳23。穗肥的回收效率最高,在54.0%~82.1%之间,武运粳23低于Y两优2号。水稻在整个生育期的总体氮肥恢复效率随氮肥用量的增加而下降,变化在32%~64%之间。水稻一生中吸收积累的氮素中,基肥的贡献占4.13%~10.59%(平均6.92%),蘖肥占3.98%~11.75%(平均7.58%),穗肥占13.32%~37.56%(平均26.02%),土壤的贡献在45.71%~70.83%(平均59.91%)之间。基蘖肥用量越大,其损失也越大,总体氮肥利用率也越低。研究结果证明,在水稻氮肥管理中必须考虑水稻各阶段对不同时期施肥的吸收利用情况,从而提高水稻氮肥利用效率,保证产量的同时减少不必要的损失。
이갱도무운갱23화초급잡교선도Y량우2호위공시품충,응용15N시종방법연구불동시기시비대수도불동계단담비이용솔적영향,이학정불동시기시비적최가계단담비이용솔。결과표명,기비재기비계단(이재후적8d 좌우)적흡수이용교저,2012년수도기비담(15N)흡수량불도5 kg hm-2,2013년최대위7.5 kg hm-2,회수이용솔재1.5%~11.5%지간；기비주요시재얼비계단(분얼비여수비지간)피흡수,기회수이용솔재6.6%~24.9%지간,평균위15.6%；수비계단(수비후도성숙)기본불재흡수기비。기비담적총체회복이용효솔불고,재9.1%~22.8%지간,품충급담비운주대기비담적총체회복이용효솔영향불현저。얼비주요재얼비계단발생작용,시수비후수도기본불재흡수얼비。얼비적총체회복흡수이용솔화기비상당,재17%~34%지간, Y량우2호고우무운갱23。수비적회수효솔최고,재54.0%~82.1%지간,무운갱23저우Y량우2호。수도재정개생육기적총체담비회복효솔수담비용량적증가이하강,변화재32%~64%지간。수도일생중흡수적루적담소중,기비적공헌점4.13%~10.59%(평균6.92%),얼비점3.98%~11.75%(평균7.58%),수비점13.32%~37.56%(평균26.02%),토양적공헌재45.71%~70.83%(평균59.91%)지간。기얼비용량월대,기손실야월대,총체담비이용솔야월저。연구결과증명,재수도담비관리중필수고필수도각계단대불동시기시비적흡수이용정황,종이제고수도담비이용효솔,보증산량적동시감소불필요적손실。
The nitrogen (N) uptake, and N use efficiencies (NUE) at different rice growth stages (i.e. during basal, tillering and panicle fertilizations) were studied using 15N isotope tracing. A two-year field experiment with two N rates and two distribution ratios was conducted using two different high-yielding rice cultivars Wuyunjing 23 (japonica) and Y-Liangyou 2 (hybrid indica). A sub-plot of 15N isotope tracing experiment with three duplications under the same treatment was also set up in the field. The results revealed that basal nitrogen absorbed by rice was only 1.5%-11.5% before tillering fertilization (eight days after trans-planting), 6.6%-24.9%from tillering fertilization to panicle fertilization, and little after panicle fertilization. The overall recovery efficiency of basal N (NUEB) was low and ranged from 9.1% to 22.8%, not significantly affected by different cultivars and N treatments. Tillering fertilizer N was mainly absorbed from tillering fertilization to panicle fertilization, and no longer had effect after panicle fertilization. NUE of tillering N fertilizer (NUET) was 17%-34%, which is almost the same as that of basal fertilizer. NUET of Y-Liangyou 2 was higher than that of Wuyunjing 23. Compared with basal and tillering N fertilizers, NUE of panicle N fertilizer (NUEP) was the highest with a value of 54.0%-82.1%, and Wuyunjing 23 had lower NUE than Y-Liangyou 2. The whole NUE in the entire growth period of all N fertilizers decreased with the increase of N application rate, and varied from 32%to 64%. Among the total N uptake of rice, the contribution was 4.13%-10.59% (average 6.92%) for basal N fertilizer, 3.98%-11.75%(average 7.58%) for tillering fertilizer, 13.32%-37.56% (average 26.02%) for panicle fertilizer, and 45.71%-70.83% (average 59.91%) for the soil. The experiment also revealed that the more the basal and tillering fertilizers applied, the lower the total NUE. It is suggested that rice N management, the N absorption and utilization from fertilizer applied at different stages should be con-sidered to improve the NUE of rice, and ensure the hig yield while avoid the N loss.