CAJ | 학술논문

以江苏省近60年来各阶段具有代表性的12个中粳稻品种(含超级稻)为材料。依据种植推广年代结合株型和基因型将其分为20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代和2000年以后6个类型,进行0N (不施氮,0N)、240 kg hm-2(中氮, MN)和360 kg hm-2(高氮, HN)3种氮肥用量处理,并观察其对水稻产量和群体质量的影响。结果表明,产量随品种改良逐步提高,在0N、MN和HN条件下,由20世纪50年代早期品种到2000年以后的超级稻品种,产量增幅分别为4.45~4.64、5.89~5.93和8.45~8.62 t hm-2。2000年以前的中粳稻品种产量表现为MN>HN>0N；2000年以后的超级稻品种则表现为HN>MN>0N。2000年以前的中粳稻品种在MN处理下具有较高群体质量指标(茎蘖成穗率、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累、有效叶面积和高效叶面积指数、粒叶比、着粒密度、剑叶光合速率和根系氧化力),2000年以后的超级稻品种则在高氮处理下具有较高的群体质量指标。这些结果表明,早期品种对氮肥响应较现代超级稻品种敏感,超级稻品种则在高氮水平下具有更高的产量。群体质量的改善是品种改良增加产量以及超级稻品种在高氮水平下物质生产和产量提高的重要原因。
이강소성근60년래각계단구유대표성적12개중갱도품충(함초급도)위재료。의거충식추엄년대결합주형화기인형장기분위20세기50년대、60년대、70년대、80년대、90년대화2000년이후6개류형,진행0N (불시담,0N)、240 kg hm-2(중담, MN)화360 kg hm-2(고담, HN)3충담비용량처리,병관찰기대수도산량화군체질량적영향。결과표명,산량수품충개량축보제고,재0N、MN화HN조건하,유20세기50년대조기품충도2000년이후적초급도품충,산량증폭분별위4.45~4.64、5.89~5.93화8.45~8.62 t hm-2。2000년이전적중갱도품충산량표현위MN>HN>0N；2000년이후적초급도품충칙표현위HN>MN>0N。2000년이전적중갱도품충재MN처리하구유교고군체질량지표(경얼성수솔、추수지성숙기적간물질적루、유효협면적화고효협면적지수、립협비、착립밀도、검협광합속솔화근계양화력),2000년이후적초급도품충칙재고담처리하구유교고적군체질량지표。저사결과표명,조기품충대담비향응교현대초급도품충민감,초급도품충칙재고담수평하구유경고적산량。군체질량적개선시품충개량증가산량이급초급도품충재고담수평하물질생산화산량제고적중요원인。
Great progress has been made in the mid-season japonica rice breeding, but little information is available on under-standing how nitrogen (N) application rate affects population quality and grain yield during the improvement of cultivars. In this study, 12 typical mid-season japonica rice cultivars (including super rice) applied in the production in Jiangsu Province during the last 60 years were used, and classified into six types of 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and after 2000 according to their ap-plication times. Three N rates, i.e. zero N (0N), 240 kg ha-1 N (MN), and 360 kg ha-1 N (HN), were applied. Grain yield and some population quality indexes, such as grain-leaf ratio, percentage of productive tillers, leaf photosynthetic rate and root oxidation activity, were determined. The results showed that from 1950s to the present time, the grain yield was increased by 4.45-4.64, 5.89-5.93, and 8.45-8.62 t ha-1 in treatments of 0N, MN, and HN, respectively. The grain yield was progressively increased with the improvement of cultivars, showing a trend of MN>HN>0N for the cultivars bred in the 20th century, and HN>MN>0N for the super rice cultivars bred in the 21st century. The percentage of productive tillers, dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, effective and high effective leaf area index, grain-leaf ratio, leaf photosynthetic rate, and root oxidation activity were the highest at the MN rate for cultivars bred in the 20th century, while at the HN rate for cultivars bred in the 21st century, among the three N rates. The results suggest that the response to N rates is more sensitive for the cultivars bred in the early decades than for the modern super rice cultivars, and the latter could produce a higher grain yield at the HN rate. Enhancement in population qual-ity contributes to the increase in biomass and grain yield in the improvement of rice cultivars and for the super rice at the HN rate.