CAJ | 학술논문

循环水养殖系统启动运行前往往需要经过一段时间的生物膜预培养，使生物膜达到成熟稳定，从而保证系统的水质净化功能。本研究通过养殖试验，研究了生物滤器负荷挂膜的技术方法，以期实现生物膜的快速成熟和系统的快速启动。为此，构建了6组循环水系统组成的养殖车间，建成后立即投入试验生产。试验为期120 d 鲀，养殖种类为红鳍东方，初始放养平均体重(632.5±2.26) g鲀。期间，红鳍东方平均增重29.91%，养殖成活率98.7%，养殖密度由(19.34±1.89) kg/m3增加到(32.17±3.40) kg/m3，投饵率由0.2%增加到0.5%-0.7%，每日换水量由50%逐渐减至10%。结果表明，在生物膜的生长期，通过对投饵量及新水补充量的有效调节，可以把养殖水体中的氨氮和亚硝氮浓度控制在安全范围以内，以保证养殖鱼类的生长。生物膜在50天左右达到完全成熟，此后便可依靠生物膜的净化作用将氨氮浓度控制在0.5-1.2 mg/L、亚硝氮浓度控制在0.2-0.5 mg/L、pH值控制在6.5-7.5、COD值低于4 mg/L、细菌总数控制在800-2100 cell/ml的安全范围内。利用生物滤器负荷挂膜技术，在合理调控水质指标的条件下，循环水养殖系统建成后可以立即投入生产，实现生物滤器挂膜与养殖生产的同步进行。
순배수양식계통계동운행전왕왕수요경과일단시간적생물막예배양，사생물막체도성숙은정，종이보증계통적수질정화공능。본연구통과양식시험，연구료생물려기부하괘막적기술방법，이기실현생물막적쾌속성숙화계통적쾌속계동。위차，구건료6조순배수계통조성적양식차간，건성후립즉투입시험생산。시험위기120 d 돈，양식충류위홍기동방，초시방양평균체중(632.5±2.26) g돈。기간，홍기동방평균증중29.91%，양식성활솔98.7%，양식밀도유(19.34±1.89) kg/m3증가도(32.17±3.40) kg/m3，투이솔유0.2%증가도0.5%-0.7%，매일환수량유50%축점감지10%。결과표명，재생물막적생장기，통과대투이량급신수보충량적유효조절，가이파양식수체중적안담화아초담농도공제재안전범위이내，이보증양식어류적생장。생물막재50천좌우체도완전성숙，차후편가의고생물막적정화작용장안담농도공제재0.5-1.2 mg/L、아초담농도공제재0.2-0.5 mg/L、pH치공제재6.5-7.5、COD치저우4 mg/L、세균총수공제재800-2100 cell/ml적안전범위내。이용생물려기부하괘막기술，재합리조공수질지표적조건하，순배수양식계통건성후가이립즉투입생산，실현생물려기괘막여양식생산적동보진행。
Recently recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) has become popular in large scale land-based aquaculture in China because of its high productivity, less water consumption, better control on the effluent and pollutants, and lower demand for land space. The function of RAS relies largely on the efficiency and stability of the bio-filters which need to be carefully cultured and maintained throughout the culture period. The conventional start-up of RAS usually takes about 70 days before the pre-cultured biofilm maturates for the steady high-capacity water purification. In this study, a technique for the rapid maturation of a bio-filter and RAS start-up was developed through dual-culture of the biofilm and finfish Takifugu rubripes. The experiment was carried out in a newly-built workshop with 6 separate RASs. Each RAS consisted of 9 fish culture tanks. Each tank had a volume of 48.4 m3 and included parts shown below: 1) a model 316 L stainless steel bend sieve with a surface area of 5 m2; 2) a centrifugal pump with a water flow volume of 400 m3/h; 3) a submersible air pump with an air-production volume of 35 m3/h; 4) an ozone generator with an ozone-production capacity of 50 g/h; 5) three bio-filters with a volume of 144 m3 each; 6) a suspended UV disinfector with the power of 2 kW; 7) an aeration tank with a volume of 10 m3.T.rubripes with the initial body weight of (632.5±2.26) g were transferred into the tanks with the density of (19.34±1.89) kg/m3in the beginning and were cultured for 120 days. During this period, their body weight increased by 29.91% to a final value of (821.72±3.26) g; the survival rate was 98.7%; the stocking density of the fish increased to (32.17±3.40) kg/m3; daily feeding rate increased from 0.2% to 0.5%-0.7%; and the daily water exchange rate decreased from 50% to 10%. Observations mentioned above indicated the good growth and maturation of the bio-filters. Through the proper control of daily feeding rate and water exchange rate, good water quality in the culture tanks can be maintained during the culture of the bio-filter. After the bio-filter became maturate around day 50, water quality can be maintained by the purification function of the bio-filter, with the concentrations of ammonia and nitrite at 1.2-0.5 mg/L and 0.5-0.2 mg/L respectively, pH at 6.5-7.5, COD value below 4 mg/L, and the total bacterial count of 800-2100 cell/ml. These results suggested that with effective water quality control, a newly-built RAS could be put into operation immediately by using biofilm dual-culture technique, and the biofilm culture and fish culture could be carried out simultaneously. This technique will provide valuable supports for the operation of newly-built RAS by lowering both the time consumption and the operation costs.