教育学术月刊
教育學術月刊
교육학술월간
EDUCATION RESEARCH MONTHLY
2014年
8期
3-12,33
,共11页
乡村小学%文字下乡%文字上移%教育社会学
鄉村小學%文字下鄉%文字上移%教育社會學
향촌소학%문자하향%문자상이%교육사회학
words-to the countryside%words-up-moving%rural primary schools%sociology of education
从“文字下乡”到“文字上移”的过程，乃是乡村小学从无到有、由少而多，进而由盛转衰的过程。文章通过文献归纳、数据统计和案例分析，把乡村小学的兴衰变迁划分为兴起之初（1901-1949）、曲折发展（1949-1997）、走向衰落（1997-2014）三大历史时期，由此追溯中国乡村小学的历史脉络，探寻中国乡村小学的未来走向。从最初的强行植入到今天的强力拔出，乡村小学之于乡村社会犹如“来也匆匆，去也匆匆”的过客，兴衰变迁只经历了短短一个世纪。这是时代的命运，更是政府的“宏图”。乡村小学的急剧衰落令乡村学生和家长承受诸多伤痛，形成“城挤、村空”的教育局面，而乡村社会在此过程中则变得愈加衰败，“空心化”、“荒漠化”现象更加严重。故乡村小学不可一刀切式地裁撤，而应该尽量采取“保守疗法”，着力保护原本就十分脆弱的农村教育。
從“文字下鄉”到“文字上移”的過程，迺是鄉村小學從無到有、由少而多，進而由盛轉衰的過程。文章通過文獻歸納、數據統計和案例分析，把鄉村小學的興衰變遷劃分為興起之初（1901-1949）、麯摺髮展（1949-1997）、走嚮衰落（1997-2014）三大歷史時期，由此追溯中國鄉村小學的歷史脈絡，探尋中國鄉村小學的未來走嚮。從最初的彊行植入到今天的彊力拔齣，鄉村小學之于鄉村社會猶如“來也匆匆，去也匆匆”的過客，興衰變遷隻經歷瞭短短一箇世紀。這是時代的命運，更是政府的“宏圖”。鄉村小學的急劇衰落令鄉村學生和傢長承受諸多傷痛，形成“城擠、村空”的教育跼麵，而鄉村社會在此過程中則變得愈加衰敗，“空心化”、“荒漠化”現象更加嚴重。故鄉村小學不可一刀切式地裁撤，而應該儘量採取“保守療法”，著力保護原本就十分脆弱的農村教育。
종“문자하향”도“문자상이”적과정，내시향촌소학종무도유、유소이다，진이유성전쇠적과정。문장통과문헌귀납、수거통계화안례분석，파향촌소학적흥쇠변천화분위흥기지초（1901-1949）、곡절발전（1949-1997）、주향쇠락（1997-2014）삼대역사시기，유차추소중국향촌소학적역사맥락，탐심중국향촌소학적미래주향。종최초적강행식입도금천적강력발출，향촌소학지우향촌사회유여“래야총총，거야총총”적과객，흥쇠변천지경력료단단일개세기。저시시대적명운，경시정부적“굉도”。향촌소학적급극쇠락령향촌학생화가장승수제다상통，형성“성제、촌공”적교육국면，이향촌사회재차과정중칙변득유가쇠패，“공심화”、“황막화”현상경가엄중。고향촌소학불가일도절식지재철，이응해진량채취“보수요법”，착력보호원본취십분취약적농촌교육。
The process of from “words-to countryside” to “words-up-moving” is the course of “from scratch, from less to more, then from prosperity to decline” of rural primary schools. Based on the literature induction, data statistics and case study , this study divides the rise and fall of the rural primary school into three historical periods:the rise (1901-1949) ,tortuous development (1949-1997) and the decline (1997-2014). Thus we can trace the historical context and explore the future direction of Chinese rural primary schools. From the early forced implantation to today ’s strong extraction, the rural primary school comes and goes in haste like a passenger for the rural society, which only experienced one century. This is more caused by the government ’s“plan” than the fate of “the times”. The sharp decline of rural primary schools makes the rural students and their parents undertake a lot of pains, the education pattern of “crowded city and empty village” has been presented nation wide, and meanwhile the rural society is becoming increasingly declining in the process, in which the phenomenon of “howling-out”and “desertification”is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we cannot remove the rural primary school readily, but take the “conservative therapy”as for as possible and try out best to protect the already fragile rural education.
