CAJ | 학술논문

以高产氮高效品种(德香4103)和中产氮低效品种(宜香3724)为材料，通过“淹水灌溉+氮肥优化运筹(W1N1)”、“控制性交替灌溉+氮肥优化运筹(W2N1)”、“旱种+氮肥优化运筹(W3N2)”3种水氮管理模式处理，研究其对氮素利用及产量的影响及其生理特性，并探讨氮素利用及产量与生理响应间的关系。结果表明，氮效率品种间的差异与水氮管理模式对水稻氮素利用特征、灌溉水生产效率、生理特性及产量均存在显著影响；不同氮效率品种间在氮肥利用效率方面的差异明显高于水氮管理模式的调控效应；而水氮管理模式对灌溉水生产效率、总吸氮量、氮素干物质生产效率及稻谷生产效率的调控作用显著。W2N1相对于W1N1及W3N2水氮管理模式能促进不同氮效率水稻拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期氮素的累积，提高功能叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、光合速率(Pn)及根系活力，进而提高稻谷产量及氮肥利用率，且对中产氮低效品种的调控效应显著高于对高产氮高效品种，为本试验最佳的水氮管理模式。高产氮高效品种的平均总颖花数、拔节至抽穗期稻株氮累积量、功能叶 GS 活性、Pn及根系活力均显著高于氮低效品种，尤其结实期高产氮高效品种更有利于维持叶片及根系的代谢同化能力，利于氮素转运、再分配到籽粒中提高稻谷生产效率及氮肥利用效率，是氮高效品种相对于氮低效品种高产、氮高效利用的重要原因。相关分析表明，水氮管理模式下不同氮效率水稻主要生育时期功能叶 GS 活性、Pn及根系活力与氮素利用及稻谷产量均存在显著或极显著的正相关；尤其以水稻抽穗期剑叶GS活性及根系活力与氮素利用及稻谷产量的正相关性最高。
이고산담고효품충(덕향4103)화중산담저효품충(의향3724)위재료，통과“엄수관개+담비우화운주(W1N1)”、“공제성교체관개+담비우화운주(W2N1)”、“한충+담비우화운주(W3N2)”3충수담관리모식처리，연구기대담소이용급산량적영향급기생리특성，병탐토담소이용급산량여생리향응간적관계。결과표명，담효솔품충간적차이여수담관리모식대수도담소이용특정、관개수생산효솔、생리특성급산량균존재현저영향；불동담효솔품충간재담비이용효솔방면적차이명현고우수담관리모식적조공효응；이수담관리모식대관개수생산효솔、총흡담량、담소간물질생산효솔급도곡생산효솔적조공작용현저。W2N1상대우W1N1급W3N2수담관리모식능촉진불동담효솔수도발절지추수기、추수지성숙기담소적루적，제고공능협곡안선알합성매(GS)활성、광합속솔(Pn)급근계활력，진이제고도곡산량급담비이용솔，차대중산담저효품충적조공효응현저고우대고산담고효품충，위본시험최가적수담관리모식。고산담고효품충적평균총영화수、발절지추수기도주담루적량、공능협 GS 활성、Pn급근계활력균현저고우담저효품충，우기결실기고산담고효품충경유리우유지협편급근계적대사동화능력，리우담소전운、재분배도자립중제고도곡생산효솔급담비이용효솔，시담고효품충상대우담저효품충고산、담고효이용적중요원인。상관분석표명，수담관리모식하불동담효솔수도주요생육시기공능협 GS 활성、Pn급근계활력여담소이용급도곡산량균존재현저혹겁현저적정상관；우기이수도추수기검협GS활성급근계활력여담소이용급도곡산량적정상관성최고。
The optimal water-nitrogen (N) managements and the selection of genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) play a vital note in rice production aiming at high yield, high NUE and water-saving irrigation. In order to elucidate effects of water-nitrogen management patterns on N utilization characteristics, grain yield and its physiological basis in rice cultivars with different NUEs. Two different NUE rice cultivars with high-yield and high N-efficiency (Dexiang 4103) as well as medium-yield and low N-efficiency (Yixiang 3724), were used with three water-nitrogen management patterns, including standing irrigation and optimized N application (W1N1), alternate irrigation and optimized N application (W2N1), and dry cultivation and optimized N application (W3N2). The relationship between yield or N utilization characteristics and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, pho-tosynthetic rate (Pn) and root activity was investigated. The results showed that rice cultivars with different NUEs and water-nitrogen management patterns significantly affected N utilization characteristics, irrigation water use efficiency, physiological characteristics and grain yield. The regulation effects of water-nitrogen management patterns on NUE indexes (physiological effi-ciency, agronomy efficiency, and N recovery efficiency) were lower than those of rice cultivars with different NUEs, while the effects of water-nitrogen management on irrigation water use efficiency, total N accumulation, N dry matter production efficiency, and N production efficiency were significant. Compared with W1N1 and W3N2, W2N1 could promote the N uptake from elonga-tion to maturing stages, enhance activity of GS, Pn, and root activity, and then improve grain yield and NUE of two different NUE rice cultivars, being the best model in this experiment. Moreover, the regulation effects of water-nitrogen management patterns on the cultivar with medium-yield and low N-efficiency were significantly higher than these with high-yield and high N-efficiency rice cultivars. The results also showed that average total spikelet number, N accumulation from elongation to heading stages, GS activity and Pn of leaves, and root activity of high N-efficiency rice cultivar were higher than those of low N-efficiency rice culti-var. Especially, during filling stage compared with medium-yielding and low N-efficiency cultivar, the high-yielding and high N-efficiency rice cultivar was more beneficial to higher metabolism and assimilation capacity of leaves and roots, which is the important reason for high-yielding and high N-efficiency rice cultivar further to increase yield and NUE. Correlation analysis indicated that there existed significantly positive correlations of GS activity and Pn of leaves, and root activity in the two N-efficiency rice cultivars with indices of N uptake and utilization and yield, furthermore, the maximum correlation coefficients of GS activity of leaves and root activity with yield or NUE were observed at heading stage.