CAJ | 학술논문

由Phytophthora infestans引起的晚疫病是马铃薯的毁灭性病害。明确现有马铃薯品种或育种材料含有的晚疫病抗病基因，对于抗病育种和合理利用不同抗病基因防治马铃薯晚疫病具有重要意义。根据“基因对基因”学说，马铃薯无毒基因与抗病基因产物互作会产生典型过敏反应（HR）。理论上利用病原菌无毒基因可以鉴定马铃薯是否含有相应抗病基因。本研究尝试利用农杆菌注射技术，在马铃薯叶片中瞬时表达晚疫病菌无毒基因（Avr），根据过敏反应发生情况，进而推断马铃薯品种/育种材料所含相应抗病基因（R）。研究结果显示：适合马铃薯瞬时表达的农杆菌浓度为0.5（OD600），马铃薯材料农杆菌瞬时表达存在明显的基因型和叶龄依赖性，充分展开的幼嫩叶片适合农杆菌瞬时表达。Avr1, Avr2, Avr3a和Avr4在含有相应抗病基因的马铃薯鉴别寄主上瞬时表达能够产生HR，表明无毒基因注射鉴定结果是可靠的。无毒基因注射鉴定结果与抗病基因特异引物PCR扩增结果在不同基因型材料上有时并不一致，反映了这两种方法各有局限性，若能将这两种方法结合使用，则会提高鉴定结果的准确性。
유Phytophthora infestans인기적만역병시마령서적훼멸성병해。명학현유마령서품충혹육충재료함유적만역병항병기인，대우항병육충화합리이용불동항병기인방치마령서만역병구유중요의의。근거“기인대기인”학설，마령서무독기인여항병기인산물호작회산생전형과민반응（HR）。이론상이용병원균무독기인가이감정마령서시부함유상응항병기인。본연구상시이용농간균주사기술，재마령서협편중순시표체만역병균무독기인（Avr），근거과민반응발생정황，진이추단마령서품충/육충재료소함상응항병기인（R）。연구결과현시：괄합마령서순시표체적농간균농도위0.5（OD600），마령서재료농간균순시표체존재명현적기인형화협령의뢰성，충분전개적유눈협편괄합농간균순시표체。Avr1, Avr2, Avr3a화Avr4재함유상응항병기인적마령서감별기주상순시표체능구산생HR，표명무독기인주사감정결과시가고적。무독기인주사감정결과여항병기인특이인물PCR확증결과재불동기인형재료상유시병불일치，반영료저량충방법각유국한성，약능장저량충방법결합사용，칙회제고감정결과적준학성。
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potato. It is important to distinguish what kind of R contained in potato cultivar or potato breeding materials for potato late blight resistant breeding and control late blight through management of different R genes. According to the‘gene-for-gene’hypothesis, the interaction between pathogen avirulence genes(Avr)and resistant genes(R)wil lead to hypersensitive response(HR)in potato. So, it is possible to distinguish host R gene by Avr gene expression in potato leaves. In this study, efforts were made to distinguish potato R genes by transient expressing P. infestans Avr gene in potato leaves using agro-infiltration methods. The result revealed that 0.5 optical density at 600 (OD600) was suitable for potato agro-infiltration. Agro-infiltration mediated Avr expression efficiency depended on potato genotype and leaf age. Ful expanded younger leaves were fit for Agro-infiltration mediated transient Avr gene expression. Transient expressing Avr1, Avr2, Avr3a and Avr4 in leaves of diagnose potato material which contains corresponding R genes led to HR. Identification results of both agro-infiltration method and R gene specific primers PCR amplification were not consistent in some potato genotypes, reflecting that both methods have some defects. The desirable results could be obtained by combining the two methods.