CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨不同有机肥（鸟粪、猪粪、饼肥、商品有机肥）对夏黑无核葡萄产量和品质的影响，为葡萄园的科学施肥提供可靠的依据，研究了4种不同有机肥在3个浓度梯度下对葡萄产量和品质的影响。结果表明，施用鸟粪处理单粒重普遍较低，产量也较低，猪粪和有机肥处理次之，采用饼肥标准施肥量（1566 kg/hm2饼肥，135 kg/hm2硫酸钾，396 kg/hm2过磷酸钙）处理，从单粒重、穗重、产量上来看都明显高于其他处理，且果实含糖量能达到15．1％，糖酸比78．1，与其他处理间存在显著性差异。施用猪粪虽然葡萄整体产量较高，但果实糖酸比明显低于其他处理，商品性较低。施用商品有机肥虽然成本较低，操作起来也较容易，但是综合产品的收益来说，施用饼肥仍是最好的选择，其次为商品有机肥和猪粪，生产上使用鸟粪作为基肥操作繁琐，且投入与产出存在负相关，不宜进行推广。综合上述结果，采用饼肥标准施肥量作为基肥可得到较高的产量和良好的果实品质，且操作简单，收益较大，在南方地区可大力推广。
위탐토불동유궤비（조분、저분、병비、상품유궤비）대하흑무핵포도산량화품질적영향，위포도완적과학시비제공가고적의거，연구료4충불동유궤비재3개농도제도하대포도산량화품질적영향。결과표명，시용조분처리단립중보편교저，산량야교저，저분화유궤비처리차지，채용병비표준시비량（1566 kg/hm2병비，135 kg/hm2류산갑，396 kg/hm2과린산개）처리，종단립중、수중、산량상래간도명현고우기타처리，차과실함당량능체도15．1％，당산비78．1，여기타처리간존재현저성차이。시용저분수연포도정체산량교고，단과실당산비명현저우기타처리，상품성교저。시용상품유궤비수연성본교저，조작기래야교용역，단시종합산품적수익래설，시용병비잉시최호적선택，기차위상품유궤비화저분，생산상사용조분작위기비조작번쇄，차투입여산출존재부상관，불의진행추엄。종합상술결과，채용병비표준시비량작위기비가득도교고적산량화량호적과실품질，차조작간단，수익교대，재남방지구가대력추엄。
An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of 4 kinds of organic fertilizers ( bird manure, pig manure, cake fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer) at 3 dosages on the yield and quality of seedless grape “Summer black” in order to provide reliable basis for the scientific fertilization of vineyard.The results showed that the single-grain weight and yield per unit area of grape were relatively low in the treatment of bird manure application, and those in the treatment of pig manure or commercial organic fertilizer application were slightly low.In the treatment of applying standard quantity of cake fertilizer ( 1566 kg/hm2 cake fertilizer, 135 kg/hm2 potassium sulphate, and 396 kg/hm2 superphosphate) , the single-grain weight, cluster weight and yield per unit area of grape were significantly higher than those in other treatments;the content of soluble sugar in the fruits reached 15.1%, and the ratio of soluble sugar to titrable acid was 78.1, which were significantly different from those in other treatments.The appli-cation of pig manure generally could obtain higher fruit yield, but the ratio of soluble sugar to titrable acid as well as the commodity of fruits in this treatment were significantly lower than those in other treatments.Applying commercial organic fertilizer was low in cost, and easy in operation, but its economic benefit was not the highest.As for the earnings of grape production, cake fertilizer ap-plication was the best, followed by the application of commercial organic fertilizer and pig manure, while bird manure application was not suitable.So applying standard quantity of cake fertilizer as base fertilizer could obtain higher fruit yield and better fruit qual-ity, and could be energetically popularized in grape production in southern China.