CAJ | 학술논문

举证责任的分配是民事证据制度中的核心问题，其与民法上的权利构成要件与权利妨碍要件的界分存在紧密联系。举证责任分配的背后有着经济理性的考量与支撑。我国民法尤其是侵权法领域习惯于采用无条件的举证责任倒置的方法，来化解一些案件当中的受害人对特定事实的证明困境。但从预期举证成本最小化的角度考量，“无条件的举证责任倒置”未必是解决受害人证明困境的妥适方法。证明标准的适当降低或有条件的举证责任倒置也许能更好地解决问题。
거증책임적분배시민사증거제도중적핵심문제，기여민법상적권리구성요건여권리방애요건적계분존재긴밀련계。거증책임분배적배후유착경제이성적고량여지탱。아국민법우기시침권법영역습관우채용무조건적거증책임도치적방법，래화해일사안건당중적수해인대특정사실적증명곤경。단종예기거증성본최소화적각도고량，“무조건적거증책임도치”미필시해결수해인증명곤경적타괄방법。증명표준적괄당강저혹유조건적거증책임도치야허능경호지해결문제。
Allocating the burden of proof is the basic issue in civil evidence law,and it’s closely related to the distinction between causes of action and elements of defense. The Civil Law of China,especially the Torts Law,is accustomed to adopting the uncondition-al reversion of burden of proof in order to overcome the dilemma of the aggrieved party to prove certain facts in some cases. But from the perspective of the minimum of the expected evidence cost,it may not be the best option. Properly lowering the standard of proof or re-versing the burden of proof conditionally may be much better.